In the first year of Tang Guangde (763), An Lushan Shi Siming, who was once one of the vanguards of the "Anshi Rebellion", surrendered Tian Chengsi to the central government of the Tang Dynasty. Not only that, but in order to win over Tian Chengsi, he was appointed as Wei Bo Jiedu Envoy. From then on, Wei Bo, together with Chengde and Fan Yang (Lulong), were collectively known as the "Three Towns of Heshuo", becoming an important one of the separatist towns in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. As long as we talk about the separatist rule of the Tang Dynasty, Wei Bo Jiedu is a topic that cannot be avoided, and as long as Weibo Jiedu is mentioned, the Wei Bo professional military group represented by Wei Bo Yabing is a topic that cannot be avoided.
Wei Bo Jeddushi, also known as Tianxiong Jeddushi, the original Jeddushi was an old general of Anshi.
Because the three towns of Heshuo were killed by the arrogant soldiers, Jiedushi changed several families, but basically did not obey the central government.
Starting from Tian Chengsi, in order to expand his strength, Wei Bo Jiedu checked his household registration and increased his income, forming a pattern of old and weak plowing the fields and strong people in the army. Based on strong financial and material resources, we recruited strong people from the local peasants to perform military service, and recruited relatively fierce vagrant from the society, and established a powerful army of "hundreds of thousands", which developed over time Gradually evolved into a professional army, and in this army, Tian Chengsi selected more than 10,000 large and powerful soldiers as dental soldiers (ya soldiers), which constituted the elite core force of the Weibo Fanzhen armed forces. This is history On the famous "Wei Bo Ya Bing".
The tooth soldiers are the personal soldiers and guards of the Jiedushi. They are usually brave and strong men in the army. They live above other sergeants. In a sense, they belong to the private army of the Jiedushi. The tooth soldiers whose main goal is to seek financial rewards have gradually alienated into a relatively independent armed force with their own interests.
Judging from the original intention of Tian Chengsi and others, the establishment of this armed force was to enable Wei Bo, who was in the area of the Fourth World War, to maintain his territory and security during the war, so as not to be affected by the imperial court or neighboring vassals. The elimination of annexation, in fact, the Weibo professional military group represented by the Weibo Yabing indeed played this role. However, precisely because of the existence of the above-mentioned alienation, after the death of Tian Hongzheng (from 812 to 820), the fifth term of the Tian family, the power of Wei Bofan actually fell into the hands of Wei Boya soldiers. , The Jiedu who goes against his will is often abolished and killed directly, and the successor candidates of the Jiedu are usually based on the wishes of the dental soldiers, so the existence of positive and negative precedents makes the newly succeeded Jiedu even more difficult Dare to go against the will of the tooth soldiers.
"Assassin Nie Yinniang" played by Zhang Zhen Wei Bo Ji'an.
Wei Bo Jiedu Envoy Shi Xiancheng, He (He Jintao, He Hongjing, He Quanhao), Han (Han Yunzhong, Han Jian), Le Yanzhen, Luo (Luo Hongxin, Luo Shaowei) And so on, we may be able to find that there is such a rule: as time goes by, the Weibo professional military group represented by the tooth soldier has greater dominance. As their agents, as long as they cannot represent their interests, The Jiedu Envoy will either be killed himself, or passed on to his descendants to be killed. There are not many good deaths. It was precisely because the tooth soldiers dismantled the lijishu arbitrarily and were very domineering, so people at that time had the saying "the emperor of Chang'an, the emperor of Wei Bo Yabing". The implication was that Wei Bo's tooth soldier was the same as the emperor of Tang in Changan. Very powerful presence.
Of course, Wei Bo Jiedu also wanted to counter and fight back for himself. One extreme example occurred in the third year of Zhaozong Tianyou in the late Tang Dynasty (906). Wei Bo Jiedu made Luo Shaowei to his relatives, Xuanwu Festival When Zhu Wen asked for help, Zhu Wen dispatched more than 1,000 elite soldiers to dress up as porters in the name of a funeral for his daughter who was married to Luo's family. With Luo Shaowei's cooperation, he killed Wei Boya soldiers.
According to the history: This incident eradicated the dental soldiers that lasted for two hundred years. At the same time, Wei Bo was seriously injured and gradually weakened into a small town. Many history books introduced Wei Bofan town. Luo ShaoweiThe 910 years of death are over.
Actually, this is not the case in real history.
Although Zhu Wen established the back beam, Wei Bo was indeed weakened because of his muscles and bones, and he lost the independence of the mid and late Tang Dynasty. He became a courtier and paid tribute to the back beam and used food and other wealth. It was a vassal town that continued blood transfusion to the rear beam, but this was only a short period of time. When Zhu Wen passed away in the second year of Qianhua (912), Zhu Wenjiu replaced Luo Shihou with Yang Shihou, and Wei Bo had a new situation-in addition to the previous statement There was a mistake. It was only at the beginning of the 10th century. Starting from 732, it was impossible to talk about dental soldiers that lasted for 200 years.
Yang Shihou first managed to remove Wei Bo’s disobedience from his personnel, and then established a new professional military group known as the "Silver Spear and Feudal Army", which was loyal to him, and soon became a heavy soldier in his hand. , Weibo, the new ambassador of Wei Gao Zhenzhu.
But Yang Shihou did not live very long. He died in Wei Bo for five years (915). Later, the Emperor of Liang Zhu Youzhen and the ministers of Bianliang were trying to use Yang Shihou’s death to completely solve the Weibo Fan town. The plan was to divide Weibo into two towns and disintegrate the army left by Yang Shihou. Unexpectedly, Weibo’s professional military group would not eat this set at all. They called themselves "My six prefectures, the father and sons of the army, and the marriages are connected. Go out of the Hemen, leave the relatives to the clan", completely unwilling to be taken apart and leave Wei Bo.
Since he was dissatisfied with the imperial court who wanted to deal with his own back beam, the "Silver Spear Effect Jiejun" turned to enlist the new Wei Bo Jiedu and He Delun to defect to the King of Jin Li Cunxu (later Zhuangzong of the Later Tang Dynasty). In this way, Li Cunxu not only obtained the important geographical hub of Wei Bo, but also conquered the core silver gun effect of the Wei Bo professional military group. Later, Li Cunxu obtained the silver gun effect of the fight against the rear beam. All this played a huge and decisive role in the post-Tang Dynasty replacing the Hou Liang. From 915 to 923, Li Cunxu served as the King of Jin and also led the Wei Bo Jiedu Envoy, which fully demonstrated his importance to the Wei Bo professional military group.
Wei Bo’s silver spear-effect army played a huge role in the battle of the Later Tang Dynasty.
After Li Cunxu became the emperor, he did not concurrently lead the Weibo Jiedu.
Later Tang Mingzong Li Siyuan succeeded to the throne. He was also supported by the rebels and various soldiers and horses dominated by the Weibo army. It was precisely because he saw the great influence of the Weibo professional military group that he took the throne. They transferred their core elite silver guns to the front line of the Khitan defense in the north. In other words, they moved away from Wei Bo, their long-held nest.
In the second year of Mingzong Tiancheng of the Later Tang Dynasty (927), under Li Siyuan’s instructions, his men led Fang Zhiwen and others to take advantage of the silver spear on the way to slaughter and adjust the defense. "Yongji has no two or three", "Yongji canal becomes red."
This is the second time that the Weibo Yabing, the core force of the Weibo Professional Soldier Group, has suffered a heavy blow. The history books also say: "Wei’s arrogant soldiers, so they died." To put it bluntly, since then, The reign of Wei Boya soldiers is rarely seen in historical records.
However, the real situation is also different.
Although the silver gun effect festival army was destroyed, the Weibo professional military group did not disappear, and the important role of Weibo Fan Town in the political situation has not diminished, but it may be presented in another way. Came out.
It needs to be explained here that Weizhou where Wei Bozhi was located in the Five Dynasties has different names such as Xingtang Mansion, Guangjin Mansion, and Yedu. The Ye Capital here is not the same as Yecheng, the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, the hometown of the Three Kingdoms. , Not to expand here.
After the slaughter of the silver spear-effect Jiejun, Wei Bo’s successive jundu envoys were as follows:
Later Tang Dynasty: Ye Capital stayed at Chongtianxiong’s Jiedu envoy Shi Jingtang, Xingtang Yin, Tianxiong Jiedu Shi, Song Wang Li Conghou (the third son of Mingzong Li Siyuan), Xing Xing Tang Yin Chong Tianxiong Army Jiedu made the northern water and land transport system set Fan Yanguang.
Later Jin Dynasty: Guangjin Yin, Tianxiong Army Jiedu Envoy Yang Zhiyuan, Guangjin Ye both stayed behindGao Xingzhou, Yedu stayed behind Guangjinyin Liu Zhiyuan, and Tianxiong Army Jiedu stayed behind Du Zhongwei and others.
The rulers of the Later Tang Dynasty, the Later Jin Dynasty, and the Later Han Dynasty, were all members of the Hedong and Hebei Military Group.
We can find that these were the important ministers at the time, including the prince and later emperors, which shows the importance of this place; as mentioned above, Shi Jingtang, the great ancestor of the Jin Dynasty, stayed behind as an envoy of the Chongtianxiong Army. After he became the emperor, he stayed in Yedu for a long time and died here, which also reflects his importance to this place. Later Han Gaozu Liu Zhiyuan also served as Yedu and stayed behind Guangjin Yin as mentioned above. He knew the importance of this place. After he came to the throne, he immediately transferred Du Chongwei, who was here at the time, to the Songzhou Jiedu Envoy Jiashou Taiwei. Du Chongwei refused to move to Songzhou. According to the Yedu rebellion, Liu Zhiyuan led a large army to conquer. After fierce fighting, it was settled. Du Chongwei.
Shi Jingtang once guarded Wei Bo as an ambassador to the Chongtian Xiong Army.
Liu Zhiyuan once guarded Wei Bo as Yedu left behind Guangjin Yin.
During Liu Zhiyuan’s conquest, the deputy envoy Guo Wei (later Zhou Taizu) stepped onto the stage of history. After the war ended, Guo Wei accepted Liu Zhiyuan’s order, "Record (Du) Zhongwei’s subordinates, and do their best. "This can be understood as another devastating blow to Wei Bo's professional military group.
Later, Guo Wei himself also used his merits to seal Yedu to stay behind, the Tianxiong Army Jiedu, and the clerk, all the counties in Hebei are subject to restraint, Under the leadership of Guo Wei, the new Weibo professional soldier The group was born and played a huge role in the subsequent history.
In the third year of Qianzhen in the Han Dynasty (950), the political struggle in the dynasty became fierce. Guo Wei’s allies in the court, Yang Wei, Shi Hongzhao, etc., were all killed, and the former dynasty generals such as Guo Wei and Wang Yin were killed in secret. Naturally, Guo Wei would not sit and wait for death. He then faked the edict of Han Yin Emperor 刘承 You Zhu to kill the generals, which aroused anger, so he spontaneously led Ye Capital's generals into the capital, and all the troops from Hebei joined along the way.
Later Han Yin Emperor Liu Chengyou was terrified when he heard the news, and his minister came up with the idea of the so-called "Officials do not cherish the treasury", that is, don't begrudge the wealth to reward the army, including Guo Wei at this time. For the big "Northern Soldiers" under his command, the later Han Dynasty offered 20 guilds per soldier (20 strings of 1,000 yuan, equivalent to 20 guilds).
and Guo Wei's condition was to allow his soldiers to rob for ten days after the capital was settled (should be plundered in ten days). This price is undoubtedly higher, so his subordinates are "everyone enthusiastic".
's lure for the professional military group, ended with Guo Wei's victory and Liu Chengyou's defeat, the effect was immediate, and the city of Kaifeng was destroyed soon, and the later Han died. In less than a month after
, Guo Wei added Huang Pao. can be said to be a "stepping up" of the practice of abolishing the professional military group of the feudal town represented by Wei Bo, extending from a town to The whole country has changed from localization to centralization.
When Guo Wei Huangpao was added, Zhao Kuangyin was his subordinate.
After Guo Wei ascended the throne, because Wang Yin, who was originally a general in the same dynasty, had deep qualifications and great credit, he had to be appointed as Yedu to stay behind. However, two years later when he was seriously ill, he would still have Wang Yin of the "Power of the Lord" was killed, and Fu Yanqing was formally awarded the name of Fu Yin and Tianxiong Army Jiedu Envoy, and he was named the King of Wei.
Fu Yanqing is the father-in-law of Guo Wei’s adopted son Zhou Shizong Chai Rong (the two queens of Zhou Shizong, Xuan Yi Fu and Xuan Ci Fu are both the daughters of Fu Yanqing), so he has always been trusted and served as At the same time, Fu Yanqing was also the father-in-law of Zhao Kuangyi’s younger brother Zhao Kuangyi (later Song Taizong Zhao Guangyi) (the Queen of Zhou Shizong’s Yide Fu was also Fu Yanqing’s daughter, and she married Zhao Erwei in later weeks. Jishi), so when Zhao Kuangyin learned to follow Guo Wei’s routine to launch the Chen Qiao change, Fu Yanqing was probably also one of the potential supporters of Zhao Kuangyin’s coup. At least he was also a relatively neutral head of the town—fromAfter the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty, he also served as an envoy of the Tianxiong Army for about 9 years. It is quite possible that this is quite possible.
The Weibo (Tianxiong Army) town in a broad sense began in the first year of Guangde Tang (763) and continued to the second year of Taiping Xingguo in the Northern Song Dynasty (977) -it was under the jurisdiction of Emperor Taizong of Song Dynasty. Zhijun implemented branching and rule- In the past 200 years, it is different from the records of "Wei Boya soldiers were eradicated" during the Zhu and Wen period, and "Wei Zhisheng died" during the Li Siyuan period. The professional military group represented and core by Weibo Yabing has always had a huge influence in the history of this vassal and played a role that cannot be ignored.
The behavior of the professional military group starting from its own interests to abolish the Lijiedushi itself and the stubborn style revealed in this behavior not only affects the individual of Weibo Fanzhen, but also affects the Later Tang, Later Jin, The dynasties of the Later Han and Later Zhou Dynasties affected the transfer of leadership within the Hebei Military Group in Hedong. As the expansion of the same model, it also affected the "Yellow Robe Addition" of Guowei and even Zhao Kuangyin of the Northern Song Dynasty.
The script of Zhao Kuangyin's Huang Pao body is almost the same as Guo Wei's plot back then.
The release of military power by cup wine is the beginning of a series of political and military reform measures by Zhao Kuangyin.
And from this perspective, we may not be difficult to find: from the Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin, the reform of various political systems and military systems in the Northern Song Dynasty, although there are many well-known drawbacks and The sequelae, but in the final analysis, it is an overcorrection of the domineering and intertwined professional military groups since the middle and late Tang and the Five Dynasties. There are many necessary measures that had to be so under the circumstances and conditions of the time.
