Bogu, whose real name is Qin Bangxian, was an early leader of the Communist Party of China and served as secretary and head of the Interim Political Bureau of the Central Committee. In 1935, he was dismissed from the top leadership position of the CPC at the Zunyi Conference, and later served as a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and director of the Political Department of the Red Army Field Force. In 1937, he served as the head of the Organization Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
In February 1946, Qin Bangxian went to Chongqing as a representative of the CCP to participate in the Political Consultative Conference and conduct peace negotiations with the Kuomintang.
On April 8, 1946, Qin Bangxian, Wang Ruofei, Ye Ting, Deng Fa, Huang Qisheng and others took a plane from Chongqing to Yan'an. They crashed and died in a plane crash. No one on the plane survived.
Because they were killed on April 8, they are called "48 Martyrs".
When everyone heard the news of the deaths of Qin Bangxian, Wang Ruofei, Ye Ting and others, they were very saddened.
After Qin Bangxian's death, at his memorial service, Guo Moruo recited a passage in a trembling voice.
"Gong Qin is very ancient, the strength of the South. It is not good to be upright, and the silence is deep. Asking for the people's orders is unstoppable. The room is full of words, and the hall is full of words."
Bogu was born in 1907. At the age of 24, he became the head of the interim Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Although he made mistakes during this period, he was able to deeply recognize his mistakes and firmly stood in the correct position represented by Mao Zedong. position, and made a series of significant contributions.
Originally, Bogu wanted to use his own efforts to make up for his mistakes, but a sudden plane crash took his life.
Qin Bangxian was born in a scholarly family in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province. Although his family was down, he was able to enter the school to study. In August 1924, 17-year-old Qin Bangxian joined the Tin Society and became the head of the Suzhou branch.
In September 1925, Qin Bangxian was admitted to the Department of Sociology of Shanghai University. In this school, many Communist Party members taught, such as Deng Zhongxia, Yun Daiying, Zhang Tailei, Qu Qiubai and so on. Here, under their influence, Qin Bangxian joined the Chinese Communist Party at the end of 1925.
In October 1926, Qin Bangxian was arrested. After his arrest, he was unyielding, kept the secret of the revolution and withstood the test of the revolution. The enemy couldn't find any information from him, so he was released the next day.
At this time, Qin Bangxian heard that the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was going to send a group of Communist Party members to study at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, the Soviet Union. He wanted to go too, so he wrote an application. After an organized inspection, Qin Bangxian got the opportunity to study at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow.
It was precisely because of this trip to the Soviet Union that Qin Bangxian's fate began to change. Because he met Wang Ming in the Soviet Union.
In November 1926, Qin Bangxian went to study at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, Soviet Union.
Bogu studied in the Soviet Union for four years. During these four years of study, his theoretical level of Marxism-Leninism has been greatly improved.
During his time in the Soviet Union, Bogu not only met Wang Ming, but also met Liu Qunxian.
Liu Qunxian is also a native of Wuxi, Jiangsu. In a foreign country, Bogu was very happy to meet fellow fellows from Wuxi. Furthermore, they are like-minded revolutionary comrades. After getting to know each other, they fell in love with each other.
In May 1928, Bo Gu and Liu Qun first got married in Moscow and gave birth to a boy named Qin Gang.
In May 1930, after Bo Gu and his wife Liu Qunxian returned from the Soviet Union together, Bo Gu worked as a secretary in the Propaganda Department of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions. Liu Qunxian is the head of the women's labor department of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions in Shanghai.
Wang Ming, who returned to China a year earlier than Bogu, was transferred from the All-China Federation of Trade Unions to work in the Central Propaganda Department.
Later, Miff, the head of the Eastern Department of the Comintern, came to China, and Wang Ming's status began to rise, as did Bogu's.
With the support of Miff, Wang Ming became a member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee at the Fourth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee, and soon entered the central leadership core.
Wang Ming, who entered the central leadership core, strongly supported Bogu and made him the secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League.
On June 22, 1931, Xiang Zhongfa, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, was arrested, and only three days later, on June 24, Xiang Zhongfa was killed.
Under this severe white terror, the Comintern approved Wang Ming to leave Shanghai for the Soviet Union on October 18, to serve as the representative of the CCP in the Comintern, to participate in the leadership work of the Comintern, and to be responsible for the affairs of the Chinese Communist Party.
Before Bogu went to the Soviet Union, after negotiating with Zhou Enlai and approved by the Comintern, the five members of Bogu, Chen Yun, Zhang Wentian, Kang Sheng, and Lu Futan formed the temporary Politburo of the Central Committee.
Just like that, Bogu was able to enter the leadership of the CPC Central Committee when he was not a member of the Central Committee not long after he returned from the Soviet Union. At this time, because he was only 24 years old, he was called "the young man of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China." Bogu is very shrewd and strong, which did not disappoint Wang Ming.
And thanks to the support of the Comintern and Wang Ming, Bogu also began to gradually influence and control the provisional center, and finally he finally became the general director of the provisional center. After
, as the situation in Shanghai became more and more severe, it became difficult for the Provisional Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to establish a foothold in Shanghai. Under such circumstances, it was decided to move to the Central Soviet Area of Jiangxi Province, so Bogu and other comrades from the Provisional Central Committee left Shanghai one after another.
Bo Gu and Chen Yun secretly left Shanghai in early 1933. On January 19th, they arrived safely in Ruijin, Jiangxi Province. In this way, the temporary central government moved from Shanghai to the Central Soviet District.
When Bogu left Shanghai, his wife Liu Qun became pregnant, so he temporarily stayed in Shanghai. After giving birth to her daughter Qin Moya, she sent her daughter to her mother-in-law's house to raise her, and then rushed to the Central Soviet District.
It is worth mentioning that this time Liu Qunxian did not come alone. There was a very important person who came with her. This person was Li De, the military adviser of the Communist International.
The Central Soviet Area was the largest of the 13 revolutionary base areas in the country at that time. Before that, Mao Zedong and Zhu De commanded the Red Army to fight most of the time, and won the first four anti-encirclement and suppression wars.
After Bogu arrived in the Soviet area, in order to unify the leadership, he decided to merge the Soviet Central Bureau and the Provisional Political Bureau of the Central Committee, and held a meeting. At the meeting, it was decided to establish the "Central Bureau of the Communist Party of China", with Bogu taking overall responsibility.
Although the revolutionary environment and material conditions at this time were difficult and scarce, Bogu was full of confidence in the revolution and wanted to make a career.
In September 1933, Liu Qunxian and Li Depin arrived in Ruijin. Bogu knew that he was a scholar, was very young, and at the same time did not understand the military. Therefore, Bogu was very happy with the arrival of Li De, a military adviser. For this reason, Bogu also held a grand welcome ceremony.
A few days later, Bogu held a meeting, attended by Li De, Zhang Wentian, Xiang Ying, Liu Bocheng and others. Zhou Enlai and Zhu De were on the front line at the time, and Wang Jiaxiang was hospitalized due to injuries, so he was unable to attend this meeting.
At this meeting, Bo Gu officially announced that from now on Comrade Li De will directly participate in the work of the Central Military Commission.
Originally, Li De, as a military adviser, should have only the right to make suggestions, but not the right to make decisions, let alone the right to command, but because Bogu did not understand the military, Bogu depended on Li De in the military. Under such circumstances, Li De, as a military adviser, not only has the right to make decisions, but also has the right to command.
In September 1933, Chiang Kai-shek assembled more than 500,000 troops and launched the fifth encirclement and suppression campaign against the Central Soviet Area.
In the fifth anti-encirclement campaign of the Red Army, due to the wrong command of Li De and Bo Gu, not only did the Red Army suffer heavy losses, but the base area in the Soviet area also shrank sharply.
At this time of crisis, in order to get rid of the enemy's encirclement, the Central Red Army decided to make a strategic shift, that is, the Long March.
In October 1934, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Revolutionary Military Commission led the main force of the Central Red Army, 86,000 people, to evacuate the Soviet area and start the Long March.
During the Long March, according to Li De's arrangement, the main force of the Central Red Army, 86,000 people, marched forward in a "Ningdao style", divided into three wings, left, center, and right. The left wing of
is the Red First Army, followed by the Red Nine Army. The right flank is the Red Third Army, followed by the Red Eight Army. In the middle are the central organs, the military commission organs, and the security forces. Responsible for the defender is the Red Five Army.
During the Red Army's Long March, the enemy set up four blockades ahead. After the Red Army broke through the first three blockade lines, the Red Army will face the fourth blockade line with many dangers.
If you want to break through the fourth blockade, you have to cross the Xiangjiang River, but it was in the Xiangjiang River that the Red Army fought an extremely tragic battle with extremely serious losses, that is, the Xiangjiang Battle.
The main force of the Central Red Army fought bloody battles with the enemy for five days and nights in the Battle of Xiangjiang. Although it finally broke through the fourth blockade, it also smashed the enemy's attempt to encircle and wipe out the Central Red Army east of the Xiangjiang River. But the Central Red Army paid a huge price for this.
Because of the Battle of Xiangjiang, the main force of the Central Red Army was sharply reduced from 86,000 to 30,000 when it set off from the Long March.
The Red Army's tragic victory in the Xiangjiang Battle paid a huge price. Almost all of the Red Eighth Army Corps, the Sixth Division and the 18th Division of the Red Third Army Corps, and the 34th Division of the Red Fifth Army Corps in charge of the rear of the palace were wiped out. Among them, Chen Shuxiang, the commander of the Red 34 Division, put his hand into the abdominal wound, endured great pain, twisted his intestines, and sacrificed heroically.
However, after the Battle of Xiangjiang, the other units of the Central Red Army had less than half of their personnel.
At that time, Lin Biao, Nie Rongzhen, Zuo Quan and other leaders of the First Red Army personally buried the dead soldiers. Lin Biao, who was used to fighting for life and death on the battlefield and rarely shed tears, could not help but cry when he saw the corpses of the Red Army everywhere.
The Central Red Army broke through the enemy's four blockade lines, the first blockade line, and lost more than 3,700 people. The second blockade line lost more than 9,700 people. The third blockade line lost more than 8,600 people. At this time, the fourth blockade, that is, the Battle of Xiangjiang, lost nearly 38,000 people.
At this time, Bogu saw the corpses of countless Red Army soldiers, and he was very sad and heartbroken. At this time, he felt that he had a sense of unavoidable and inescapable fear. At this time, he was in a mess, sad, grief, guilt, and helpless. He picked up the pistol and aimed it at his temple.
Fortunately, when Nie Rongzhen saw Bo Gu's move, he shouted: "What are you doing?", and then hurried to Bo Gu's side to grab the gun in his hand, and then said to Bo Gu: "The more difficult it is for us, As a leader, the more calm you have to be, the more you have to dare to take responsibility."
Due to the tragic victory of the Central Red Army in the Xiangjiang Battle, the majority of commanders and fighters were dissatisfied, and they demanded a change of leadership and Mao Zedong to lead the Red Army. Therefore, the Zunyi Conference was also promoted.
On January 15, 1935, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a meeting in Zunyi, Guizhou, which is also known as the Zunyi Conference. At the meeting, the highest military leadership of Bogu and Li De was revoked, and Mao Zedong's leadership in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Red Army was confirmed. Since then, under the correct leadership of Mao Zedong, the Red Army has been guaranteed to move from failure to success.
In this meeting, although Bogu and Li De's supreme military leadership was revoked, Bogu was still in charge, but it was difficult for him to carry out leadership work amid the waves of opposition.
In February 1935, Zhang Wentian approached Mao Zedong and said: "Comrade Bo Gu was criticized by everyone at the Zunyi Conference, and he still has ideological resistance. I am afraid it will be difficult to lead."
Zhou Enlai also felt that after the Zunyi Conference, Bo Gu's leadership work had already Encountered difficulties, so it was proposed that Mao Zedong should lead the work.
But Mao Zedong considered that the Comintern trusted the students studying in the Soviet Union, so he suggested that Zhang Wentian should lead the work.
Zhou Enlai agreed to Mao Zedong's proposal and came to Bogu's residence to talk to him.
When Bo Gu saw Zhou Enlai coming, he asked, "What do you have to do with me?"
Zhou Enlai felt that if he told his intentions directly, he was worried that Bo Gu would not be able to accept it, so he looked at the two tin briefcases.
Originally, Bogu was very sensitive to Zhou Enlai's visit this time. Now that Zhou Enlai was looking at the two iron briefcases, he already understood the meaning of Zhou Enlai's visit.
Although Bogu felt a little sad in his heart, but the matter had reached this point, but he was very calm at this time, because it was indeed difficult for him to carry out leadership work at this time. The important thing is that for the mistakes he made before, he also wants to correct them, and hopes to have the opportunity to make up for them.
So Bo Gu said: "Comrade Enlai, I already know your purpose today. I know that I can no longer lead. Who will replace me?" Afterwards, he said: " is good, send the briefcase to tomorrow." After Bogu finished speaking, he continued: "If there is anything after , please tell me to do it. The two tin briefcases of identity and rights were sent to Zhang Wentian, who began to serve as the general head of the Party Central Committee. Bogu, on the other hand, remained a member of the Politburo and a member of the Military Commission.
Later, Zhang Guotao attempted to gain the leadership of the central government. In August 1935, at the Politburo meeting held by Mao Ergai, Bo Gu clearly expressed his support for Mao Zedong and criticized Zhang Guotao's separatist behavior.
After the victory of the Long March, the main force of the Central Red Army, Bo Gu said many times: "Thanks to the correct leadership of Chairman Mao during the Long March." , During the period, he made great contributions to the economic development of northern Shaanxi.
On July 7, 1937, the Lugouqiao Incident broke out. At the time of the life and death of the country and the nation, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party united against Japan and united with the outside world. Since then, China has opened the prelude to the all-out war of resistance. During the period of
, Bo Gu, Zhou Enlai and Lin Boqu, as representatives of the CCP, negotiated with the Kuomintang on the establishment of a national united front against Japan.
In the process of forming the national united front of the Kuomintang-Communist cooperation against Japan, Bogu made a significant contribution.
On August 22, 1937, an enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee was held in Luochuan. The meeting decided to establish the Yangtze River Coast Committee of the Communist Party of China. Zhou Enlai was the secretary and Bo Gu was elected as a member of the committee.
After the Luochuan meeting, Bogu went to Nanjing. When he arrived in Nanjing, he didn't have time to rest, so he worked with Ye Jianying and Li Kenong on the national united front against Japan.
In December 1937, Bogu's wife Liu Qun first served as the deputy director of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Federation of Trade Unions and the head of the organization. Later, due to the serious recurrence of her old injury, the organization decided to send her to Moscow for treatment.
At this time, Liu Qunxian was already pregnant. After arriving in the Soviet Union, she gave birth to a daughter named Qin Jima, but unfortunately, the child was sent to a nursery as soon as she was born. When the Soviet-German war broke out, the Germans bombed Moscow, and Liu Qun was evacuated first, but his whereabouts were unknown.
During Liu Qun's first trip to the Soviet Union and his whereabouts unknown, Bogu met his second wife, Zhang Yuexia.
Zhang Yuexia, born in 1910, is a native of Pujiang, Zhejiang. She participated in the revolution in 1926, joined the Communist Party of China in 1927, and then engaged in the party's underground transportation work.
On November 23, 1934, Zhang Yuexia was arrested and her identity was exposed because she was betrayed by a traitor, but despite this, she remained unyielding and did not reveal any secrets of the party.
After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party cooperated again, and Zhang Yuexia was released from prison in September 1937. After she was released from prison, she went to work in the Nanjing Office of the Eighth Route Army, where Bo Gu was also working at the time, so she was able to get to know Bo Gu.
Bogu learned about Zhang Yuexia's unyielding deeds in prison and admired her very much. Besides, Zhang Yuexia herself was simple and beautiful, so they worked together for a long time and developed feelings for each other.
In the autumn of 1940, Bo Gu and Zhang Yuexia got married. After that, their husband and wife fought side by side and devoted themselves to the war of resistance.
Although Bogu was not very proficient in the military, his knowledge of Marxism-Leninism theory was very deep, so Mao Zedong personally ordered him to be responsible for the preparation of the "Liberation Daily".
On May 16, 1941, "Liberation Daily" was founded, with Bo Gu as the president. At this time, Bogu also served as the director of the Communist Party Newspaper Committee and the president of Xinhua News Agency.
In August 1945, Japan surrendered unconditionally. After 8 years of arduous and arduous anti-Japanese war, the Chinese military and civilians finally achieved a great victory in the war of resistance. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party formally signed the "Double Ten Agreement" on October 10, 1945 after peaceful negotiations, and decided to hold a Political Consultative Conference in Chongqing on January 10, 1946.
In early February 1946, Bogu went to Chongqing to participate in the review of the draft constitution. What he didn't expect was that this would be the last combat post in his life.
Since some major issues needed to be reported to the Party Central Committee and asked for instructions, Bo Gu and Wang Ruofei, Ye Ting, Deng Fa, Huang Qisheng and others flew from Chongqing to Yan'an on April 8, 1946.
At 1 pm on April 8th, Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Ren Bishi and others, as well as Zhang Yuexia and 6-year-old Qin Tie all went to the airport to welcome Bo Gu and others.
But unfortunately, the plane that Bogu and others took on the way to Yan'an crashed in Xing County, Shanxi Province, and all the people on the plane were killed.
At 2 o'clock in the afternoon, Zhang Yuexia looked up to the sky, looking forward to the appearance of the plane, but the shadow of the plane was never seen.
Qin Tie, who was only 6 years old, asked Zhang Yuexia anxiously: "Mom, where's the plane? Why hasn't it come yet?"
Zhang Yuexia said, "I don't know either, let's wait."
However, the time was minute by minute. The ground passed, and at 4:00 pm, the plane that Bogu and his party took still did not show up, which made all the waiting people anxious and worried, because even if it was late, the power should have come over, but there was nothing. Telegram sent.
Mao Zedong said worriedly: "Could it be because the weather was bad, I couldn't land, so I went to Xi'an?"
Zhu De said, "But there was no call from Xi'an."
At this time, Mao Zedong and Zhu De were very worried about Bo Gu, Wang Ruofei, Ye Ting, Deng Fa, etc. human safety. So I immediately sent electricity to Xi'an and asked about the situation.
But Xi'an's call back was, "The plane has not returned."
Zhang Yuexia was stunned when she heard the news, and tears flowed involuntarily. She seemed to have sensed that Bogu might have an accident.
On April 9, after the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China received the report of the plane crash, all comrades were heartbroken. Although Zhang Yuexia had already sensed that Bo Gu might be killed, when she learned that it was true, she was still distraught and burst into tears.
On April 12, "Liberation Daily" published the news that Bo Gu, Ye Ting, Wang Ruofei and others were killed. Once the news was posted, countless people in Yan'an burst into tears and wept bitterly.
After that, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and all circles in Yan'an established a 26-member funeral committee headed by Mao Zedong. At the memorial service, Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Lin Boqu and others gave painful speeches respectively.
On April 19th, all walks of life in Yan'an held a grand public sacrifice meeting. In the center of the venue hung the portraits of the "48" martyrs. On this day, they participated in the public sacrifice meeting. of more than 30,000 people.
At the same time, a memorial meeting with 3,000 participants, initiated by 119 people including Zhang Lan and Shao Lizi, was held in Chongqing. The memorial meeting in Chongqing was led by Zhang Lan, chairman of the Democratic Alliance, and Guo Moruo read the memorial text.
Bogu had two wives and six children. Of the six children, only Qin Tie was born to Zhang Yuexia, and the other five were born to Mr. Liu Qun.
However, because Bogu was busy with revolutionary work before his death, he failed to take good care of his children. As a result, his children were scattered all over the place, some in their hometown, some were abducted, some were in Soviet orphanages, and some were in Hong Kong.
Of Bogu's six children, two do not know their birthdays, and three have never met their fathers.
Of course, although Bogu failed to take good care of his children, they did not blame their father in their hearts, but they admired their father very much.
Because Bogu's children were scattered all over the place, the central government was very concerned about it. Until 1950, the Party Central Committee sent people to look around and finally let them come to Zhang Yuexia from all directions.
On February 12, 1979, Zhang Yuexia died of illness at the age of 69.
