The Twelve Emperors of the Qing Dynasty Like
1. Qing Taizu : Aixinjueluo Nurhachi (1559-1626) Reign of Heaven
Qing Taizong_ strong10strong: Aixinjueluo· Huangtaiji (1592～1641) year number Tiancong
3. Qingshizu: Aixinjueluo·Fulin (1638～1661) year number Shunzhi
4. Qing Shengzu : Aixinjueluo·Xuanye (1654～1722) Reign of Kangxi
5. Qing Shizong: Aixinjueluo·Yinzhen (1678) Years ~ 1735) Reign number Yongzheng
6. Qing Gaozong: Aixin Jueluo·Hongli (1711-1799) Reign number Qianlong
Seven, Qing Renzong: Aisin Jueluo·Xuan (1760～1820) Reign Jiaqing
8. Qing Xuanzong: Aisin Jueluo Mining (1782～1850) Reign title Daoguang
Nine: Qing Wenzong: Aixinjueluo·Yiqin (1831～1861) Reign Xianfeng
Ten: Qing Muzong: Aixinjueluo·Zaichun (1856～1874) Reign number Tongzhi
Eleven: Qing Dezong : Aisin Jueluo·Zeyun (1871～1908) Reign number Guangxu
Twelve: strong 9strong Qing Dynasty Emperor: Aixin Jueluo·Puyi (1906～1967) Reign of Xuantong
Qing emperor lineage map
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during the heyday of the Qing Dynasty,The territory spans Congling Ridge ( Pamir Plateau) and Balkhash Lake in the west, Pacific Ocean (including Sakhalin Island) in the east, Mobei and Siberia in the north, the Outer Hinggan Mountains in the northeast, and the Nansha Islands in the southeast. To the Taiwan Islands. In its heyday, the territory covers an area of more than 13 million square kilometers.
The reign of the Qing emperor
The average lifespan of the Qing emperor: 53 years
The longest emperor of the Qing Dynasty: Emperor Qianlong (89 years old)
the shortest emperor of the Qing DynastyEmperor (19 years old)
Qing emperor average reign time: 25 years
The longest reign emperor: Emperor Kangxi (61 years)
The shortest reign emperor: Xuantong Emperor (3 years)
Chronicles of the Twelve Emperors
1. Taizu of the Qing Dynasty｜ Aixinjueluo Nurhachi
1. The Remains of the Armed Forces _strong in 1583, the Nurhazhai incident, _strong 9erha Grandfather Kyaw Changan and his father Takshi were killed by the Ming army and forged an incomprehensible feud with the Ming Dynasty. They rose up with thirteen ancestors and began his military career in unifying Jurchen and resisting the Ming court.
2. Unified Jurchen : In the early Ming Dynasty, the Jurchen tribe scattered in the area of Baishan and Heishui, after a long period of war, migration, and integration,Gradually divided into three major parts, Jianzhou, Haixi , and Donghai (also known as "savages"). From May 1583 to August 1619, Nurhaci set up revenge and unified the Jurchen tribes.
3. Create the Eight Banners : Nurhachi established the Yellow, White, Red and Blue Four Banners in the twenty-ninth year of Wanli of the Ming Dynasty (1601), which are called Yellow, White, and Zheng Red and blue, the flags are all solid colors. In forty-three years, in order to meet the needs of the development of Manchu society, the Eight Banners system was created on the basis of the original cattle recording, that is, in addition to the original four flags, the four flags inlaid with yellow, white, red, and blue were added. .
4. Establish after the golden : in the forty-fourth year of the Ming Dynasty Wanli, the first year of the golden destiny (1616), the first year of the Houjin Destiny in the 1_span 2 Span·span Hetuala is known as "recovering the wise Khan of the nations", and the country name is "Dajin" (called Houjin in history), and became the Houjin Great Khan.
2. Qing Taizong｜Aisin Jueluo·Huang Taiji
: Chongtian 5 years of strong 9strong In the first month of the year, 1632), the old system of "Sit to the south with the three big baylors (, 代善, Amin, Mangurtai)" and co-administer state affairs was abolished,Changed to "sit alone in the south" to highlight the status of Khan's dominance.
2. The founding of the Qing Dynasty : In the fifth lunar month of the tenth year of Jin Tiancong (AD 1636), Emperor Taiji proclaimed the emperor, named the country "Daqing", changed the Yuan Chongde, and changed the clan name to Jurchen For Manchuria.
3. Reform of the official system: After the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, Huang Taiji used Fan Wencheng and Ning Wanwei to participate in the discussion and followed the imitation of the Ming system to revise the official system of the Qing Dynasty. Including the inner three courts, the sixth department, the second court, the imperial examination system and other political systems
4. The battle of Songjin: Ming Chongzhen thirteenth year (Qing Chongde five years, 1640) to Chongzhen During the fifteen years (Chongde 7th year, 1642), Huang Taiji launched a campaign to eliminate the last force outside the Ming Dynasty pass and clear the defense line of Guanning Jin. The Battle of Songjin began with and the Qing army besieged Jinzhou, and ended when Songshan City was captured by the Qing army, and the Ming army's commander Hong Chengchou was captured. The war lasted for two years and ended with the Ming army’s disastrous defeat. The nine fronts that the Ming Dynasty devoted all its resources to create lost all, leaving only 30,000 remnants to follow Wu Sangui to retreat to Ningyuan, and then the Ming Dynasty fell in the city outside the pass. , Only the isolated city of Ningyuan is left. This battle was the last key battle between the Ming and Qing dynasties. From now on, the Ming Dynasty would no longer be able to organize an effective counterattack against the Qing army .
3. Qing Shizu｜Aisin Jueluo·Fulin (Shunzhi)
strong1 strong9p6p65 The seventeenth year of Chongzhen (the first year of Qing Shunzhi,1644) The Manchurian army, led by the Ming Dynasty general Wu Sangui, entered the Shanhaiguan . The defeat of Li Zicheng and the capture of the capital (now Beijing) became a historical event of the central government ruling China.
2. Shaved hair and easy clothes : After the Qing army entered the pass from 1644 to 1645, the Qing rulers ordered all ethnic groups under the rule of the Qing Dynasty to be the Han nationality, mainly Ethnic groups and other southern minorities, etc., change the policy of shaving Manchu hairstyles and changing Manchu costumes
1. Outwitly capture Obhai : Emperor Shunzhi left four ministers for Kangxi, but Sony was old and worried, Suksaha_strong10 was criticized Containing Bilong Cowardly and incompetent, Obhai Although he was the last of the four ministers, he had already mastered the military and political power of the imperial court in the early Kangxi period and threatened the imperial rule of Kangxi. In 1669, he was 16 Taking advantage of the opportunity of Zhao Aobai to enter the palace, he arranged for the "Shanpuying" Buku boy to be captured, and 30 counts were announced and sentenced to life imprisonment.
2. Ping down San Francisco : Three Han tribe kings of the opposite sex in the early Qing Dynasty,Including Pingxi king Wu Sangui Pingnan king Shang Kexi 1span_strong2span_strong2span_strong10 Initiated the war against Geng1span_strong2span_strong10 _span_strong 10 In 1681, the Qing army achieved a full victory and put down the rebellion of San Francisco.
3. Regain Taiwan : in the 22nd year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1683), the Fujian navy admiral Shi Lang led the regaining of the main force in the sea area of Zhenghu Penghu and Taiwan are fighting to unify the national territory.
4. Battle of Yaksa : Qing Kangxi from 24 to 27 years (1685-1688), the Chinese army recovered the territory Two siege wars against the invading Russian army. It was China's first self-defense counterattack against Russia. After the war, China and Russia signed the " Nerchinsk Treaty "
4. Pingardan : Kangxi 27th year (1688)Galdan led 30,000 cavalry troops eastward from Ili, crossed the Hangai Mountain, and occupied the entire Khalkha area. Regarding Galdan’s rampant southern crimes, Kangxi defeated Junggar in Ulan Butong and Zhaomodo successively. In view of Galdan’s refusal to surrender, in February of the 36th year of Kangxi (1698), Kangxi conquered Galdan again. , Galdan committed suicide by taking poison under the circumstances of the rebellion and separation of the people. At this point, the Khalkha area was reunited in the Qing Dynasty.
5. The nine sons seized the first-in-law : refers to the historical event in which the sons of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty competed for the throne. At that time, Emperor Kangxi had 24 sons, and 9 of them participated in the battle for the throne. In the end, the fourth prince Yinzhen won and succeeded to the throne after the death of Emperor Kangxi, becoming Emperor Yongzheng .
V. Qing Shizong｜Aisin Jueluo·Yinzhen (Yongzheng)
_p9 _strong in the Qing dynasty 1 , Guizhou, Sichuan, Guangxi and other ethnic minority areas abolished the chieftain and implemented a political measure of the rule of Liuguan, aimed at strengthening the central government's unified management of the border areas. During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces Ortai was adopted to reform the land and repatriation proposal to be implemented in the southwestern provinces. It is also called changing soil as flow. Also save as "change flow."
2. Spreading into acres: is also called spreading into the ground and combining the ground into one.An important reform of the tax and service system in the late period of Chinese feudal society was that the Qing government merged the Dingyin of the past dynasties into the tianfu to collect , a taxation system that marked the implementation of a poll tax for more than two thousand years in China ( Ding tax).
3. Set up the military aircraft department : the military aircraft department is signed by the Qing dynasty official, also known as "Military Engine Room" and "Prime Minister's Office". It was the central authority of the Qing Dynasty and was established in the 7th year of Yongzheng (1729) due to the use of troops in the northwest. Emperor Yongzheng thought that his cabinet was outside the Gate of Supreme Harmony for fear of leaking secrets. It began when the military computer room was set up inside the Longzong Gate. The secretaries in the cabinet were selected to write on the value to assist the emperor in dealing with emergency military affairs and to assist the emperor in handling government affairs. In the tenth year of Yongzheng period (1732), it was renamed "Office of Military Aircraft Management". Set up the Minister of Military Aircraft and Military Aircraft Zhangjing, etc., all part-time. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, the Military Department was restored, and it became the central authority of the Qing Dynasty until the end of the Qing Dynasty.
4. The secret reserve : Yongzheng felt that when he succeeded to the throne, the nine sons seized the first-in-law 's lesson. In order to avoid the prince's disability due to succession problems, he decided to change Public Li Chu as a secret Li Chu: write down all the relevant matters of the next emperor, one is placed behind the plaque " upright and bright" in the Palace of the Qing Dynasty, and the other is placed next to him. After the emperor's death, the ministers took out the secret decree behind the plaque, the inner palace took out another secret decree, the two-phase verification was correct, and the successor was announced in public.
VI. Qing Gaozong｜Aisin Jueluo·Hongli (Qianlong)
10 strong 9strong Jinlong in Sichuan and Qing Dynasty Chao quelled the Sichuan rebellion in Jinchuan, Sichuan,Two large-scale battles to maintain the stability of the southwest frontier. At the same time, it is also ranked the second of Qianlong Emperor's "Ten Complete Martial Arts".
2. Put down and Zhuo : In the 22nd year of Emperor Qianlong (1757), the Xinjiang Hui leaders and brothers rebelled and became self-reliant. . In the twenty-fourth year of Qianlong (1759), the Qing army successfully quelled large and small Hezhuo with the support of the local people. After the suppression of the Hezhuo Rebellion, Emperor Qianlong officially changed the Western domain name to "Xinjiang", and set up General Span1span Yili to manage Xinjiang. From then on, Xinjiang was completely integrated into the Qing Dynasty territory.
3. Compilation of "Si Ku Quan Shu": "Si Ku Quan Shu" is the full name of "The King Ding Si Ku Quan Shu". It is a large series compiled during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. Under the auspices of Emperor Qianlong, it was compiled by more than 360 officials and scholars, including , and more than 3,800 copyists. It took 13 years to compile it. It is divided into four parts: Jing, History, Zi and Ji, hence the name Siku.
4. Liangping Gurkha Rebellion : the 53rd year of Qianlong (1788) and the 57th year of Qianlong (1792), Hongli sent troops to fight back twice Erkha attacked Tibet. The second counterattack against Gurkha, Hongli's determination, the general Fukangan commanded decisively, the Qing army defeated the army, and at the same time promulgated the "Kind Order for Rehabilitation in Tibet" and formulated the "Golden Bottle Lottery" system, which strengthened the Qing Empire Jurisdiction over Tibet. )
Also known as the Gansu Rice Case, it was a major case in which Gansu officials practiced favoritism and embezzled food in the name of helping the people during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. Because of the large amount of corruption, the long duration, the number of officials involved, and the strict punishment of criminals, it was later called "the largest corruption case in the Qing Dynasty"
Seven, Qing Renzong ｜Aisin Jueluo·Yongyun (Jiaqing)
1. Kill and Shen: He Shen (May 28, 1750—February 22, 1799) Lu's, Manchuria Zhenghongqi, Qing Dynasty China option minister. In the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), Qing Renzong decreed that and Shen were dismissed and sent to prison. Fifteen days after Emperor Qianlong's death, Qing Renzong gave Heshen suicide at the age of forty-nine.
2. White Lotus Rebellion: White Lotus Rebellion (1796-1804), also known as Chuan Chu Rebellion or Chuan Chu White Lotus Rebellion. Refers to the incident that broke out in Sichuan during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, led by Wang Sanhuai and Xu Tiande, in the border areas of Shaanxi, Henan and Hubei, against the Qing government . It lasted nine years from the first year of Jiaqing (1796) to the ninth year of Jiaqing (1804). It was the largest peasant war in the middle of the Qing Dynasty.
month,Emperor Daoguang appointed a minister of imperial envoys Lin Zexu to destroy opium in Humen, Guangdong. This incident later became the fuse of 's first Opium War
2, The first Opium War: Britain often referred to it as the First Sino-British War or "War of Commerce" "It was an unjust war of aggression launched by Britain against China from 1840 to 1842, and it was also the beginning of China's modern history of humiliation. The Opium War ended with China's failure and reparations. China and Britain signed the first unequal treaty in Chinese history- " Nanjing Treaty ".
3. "Nanjing Treaty": Also known as "Ten Thousand Years Peace Treaty", "White Gate Treaty", "Jiangning Treaty", is the first unequal treaty in modern Chinese history. The covenant was held on August 29, 1842 (July 24, Daoguang 22nd Year). The Qing Dynasty representative Qiying, Iribu, Niu Jian and the British representative Pu Dingcha were parked at Xiaguan, Nanjing. Signed on the British ship Gao Huali on the river surface, marking the end of the first Opium War. The "Nanjing Treaty" included the cessation of Hong Kong Island, the compensation of 21 million taels of silver, and the opening of five ports for trading. The treaty also indirectly led to the signing of "China-US Pousada Treaty" and " Sino-French Whampoa Treaty " .
Nine, Qing Wenzong｜Aisin Jueluo Yiqin (Xianfeng)
strong span1 span_strong1 span_span1 span_strong1 10 span_strong_span_span 1 span2span from the first year to the third year of Tongzhi (1851-1864),The leading group consisting of Hong Xiuquan, Yang Xiuqing, Xiao Chaogui, Feng Yunshan, Wei Changhui, Shi Dakai, etc. initiated the peasant uprising war against Qing feudal rule and foreign capitalist aggression initiated from Jintian Village in Guangxi. It was the largest large-scale rebellion in China in the mid-19th century. Qing movement. In 1864, with the fall of the capital of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (Nanjing ), it marked the failure of the movement.
2. The Second Opium War : From October 1856 to October 1860, Britain and France jointly launched a war of aggression against China with the support of the United States and Russia. The purpose is for Britain and France to further open the Chinese market and expand their aggression interests in China. Because Britain and France used the Yarrow incident and the Reverend Ma incident as an excuse to launch wars, they were called "The Arrow War" (The Arrow War) by the British. Also known as "Anglo-French expedition to China" or "Second Anglo-Chinese War". At the same time, because this war can be regarded as the continuation and expansion of the first Opium War (the essential purpose of the two wars is the same), it is also called the "Second Opium War".
3. Burning the Old Summer Palace: In the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), after the British and French allied forces captured Beijing, they occupied Old Summer Palace. The leader of the British army, Elkin, with the support of the British Prime Minister Palmerston , ordered the burning of the Old Summer Palace. 3,500 British and French forces rushed into the Old Summer Palace and set fire to the Old Summer Palace. The fire lasted for three days. The Old Summer Palace and nearby Qingyi Garden, Jingming Garden, Jingyi Garden, Changchun Garden and Haidian Town were all burned to ruins. In Anyou Palace, nearly 300 eunuchs, court ladies, and craftsmen were buried in the flames.Turn this world famous garden into a ruin. The fire burned for 3 days and 3 nights, becoming a rare atrocities in the history of world civilization.
Ten. Qing Mu Zong｜ Aixinjueluo·Zaichun (Tongzhi)
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After the death of Emperor Xianfeng in 1861 (the eleventh year of Xianfeng), and Empress Dowager Cixi joined forces with Prince Gong Yixin to launch a court coup. Down with the forces of the eight ministers of Gu Ming. In order to praise the Minister of State Affairs of Xiangxiang (also known as the eight ministers of Gu Ming), the auxiliary crown prince Zai Chun was the emperor, and the chief regent was named after the time in the Xinyou year of the Xia Li. It was also called " Qixiang coup " because of the change of Qixiang's reign, also known as "Beijing coup". The Empress Dowager Ci'an of the two palaces and Cixi started _strong2span _strong2span
2. Defining the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom : On July 19, 1864, the Hunan Army attacked the capital of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.It marked the end of the 13-year Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement.
3. pacified Nian Jun : Nian Jun (1853-1868) was an anti-Qing peasant active in parts of Anhui, Jiangsu, Shandong and Henan provinces north of the Yangtze River Armed forces, at the same time as the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. The Nian Army uprising lasted fifteen years from 1853 to 1868, and its history was divided into two stages. From the spring of 1853 to March 1863, it was the early Nian Army, and thereafter it was the late Nian Army.
4. Tianjin teaching case : A teaching case that shocked China and foreign countries in Tianjin in 1870 (the ninth year of Tongzhi). In order to oppose the Catholic Church's wanton missionary activities under the protection of the Patriarchate (France), the people of Tianjin attacked Catholic church institutions and caused dozens of murders.
XI. Qing Dezong｜Aisin Jueluo·Zaiyan (Guangxu)
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10strong span "Recover Xinjiang" was the imperial commissioner Zuo Zongtang commanding the Qing army in the late Qing Dynasty, annihilating the Aguba forces that invaded and occupying Xinjiang and safeguarding China's sovereignty and territorial integrity.
2. The Sino-French war: December 1883 to April 1885 (November 9th to February 11th Guangxu),A war caused by France's invasion of China and Vietnam. The war was married to France and won, and the two sides signed the "Sino-French New Treaty"
3. The Sino-Japanese War of Sino-Japanese War : Sino-Japanese War of Sino-Japanese War ( Japanese called: Sino-Japanese War, the Korean Peninsula called: The Qing-Japanese War, called by Western countries: Sino-Japanese War/The First Sino-Japanese War), was a war in which Japan invaded China and Korea at the end of the 19th century. According to the chronology of Chinese officials, 1894 when the war broke out was the Jiawu year, so it was called the Jiawu War . The Qing Dynasty was defeated, and Li Hongzhang signed the "Strong9strong Shimonoseki Treaty
" on behalf of the Qing government with Japan.
strong9: strong 4. The Reform Movement was a bourgeois reform represented by , Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao in the late Qing Dynasty. Through the Emperor Guangxu, he advocated learning from the West, advocating science and culture, reforming the political and educational system, and developing the bourgeoisie reforms of agriculture, industry, and commerce. Movement. On September 21, 1898, the Empress Dowager Cixi launched the Wuxu coup. Emperor Guangxu was imprisoned. Kang Youwei, and Liang Qichao fled to France and Japan respectively. Tan Siping was killed by the six gentlemen of the Wuxu period. The 103-day reform failed.
The Gengzi Incident : At the end of the Qing Dynasty,The excessive bullying by the foreign powers aroused widespread resentment among the Chinese people, leading to the rise of the boxer , which called for "supporting the Qing Dynasty and destroying foreign countries", pulling out electric poles, destroying railways, burning churches, killing foreigners and religious people. The Qing government heard that Xinyihe Tuan could invulnerable enough to kill foreigners, so that it was convenient for the Qing Dynasty to declare war on the eight countries on May 25th in the twenty-sixth year of Guangxu (1900). In order to extinguish the Boxer’s anti-imperialist struggle and expand its aggression against China, the invading coalition composed of Britain, the United States, France, Russia, Germany, Japan, Italy, and Austria was led by the British Vice Admiral Seymour in June 1900. Starting from the Tianjin Concession, invaded Beijing. In the end, China fell into an unprecedented disaster, and was almost divided by . 1900 is the Gengzi Year of the Chinese Lunar Calendar. The turmoil that broke out more than 100 years ago is also called the "Gengzi National Transformation" and "Gengzi National Dilemma" by the Chinese.
Twelfth, the emperor of the late Qing Dynasty｜Aisin Jueluo·Puyi (Xuantong)
_p6strong 1. It refers to the Chinese revolution that took place in the 11th Haitian period:
Year (the third year of Emperor Xuantong of the Qing Dynasty), from 1911 to early 1912, a national revolution aimed at overthrowing the authoritarian monarchy of the Qing Dynasty and establishing a republican regime
2. : Span1span February 12, 1912, the last emperor in the history of the Qing Dynasty, and also the last emperor since Qin Shihuang established the emperor system-Aixinjueluo Puyi, on December 25th, Xuantong 3rd year (Xia Li), issued an abdication edict,As the final end of 's reign.
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