No. 1 in the world! This is the overall scale of my country's water transportation infrastructure. On October 23, #my country's water transportation infrastructure scale ranked No. 1 in the world# became a hot search on Weibo. According to CCTV.com , by the end of 2021, my country's domestic river channel will have a navigation mileage of 128,000 kilometers. Among the top 10 ports in the world's port cargo throughput and container throughput, China occupies 8 and 7 seats respectively. Among them, in terms of port cargo throughput, Ningbo Zhoushan Port ranked first in the list for 13 consecutive years, and in terms of container throughput, Shanghai Port ranked first in the world for 12 consecutive years. It is worth noting that central cities such as Hunan, Henan, and Hubei have also ushered in a boom in port shipping construction. What is the reason behind it?
China Super Port: The cargo and container throughput rank first respectively
To trade with various countries through water transportation, many coastal cities have established large ports. With the continuous deepening of my country's opening up to the outside world in recent years, many super ports have been born in my country.
According to the "2021 Global Port Development Report" (hereinafter referred to as the "Report") released by Shanghai International Shipping Research Center , China occupies 8 seats among the top 10 ports in the world's cargo throughput; China occupies 7 seats among the top 10 ports in the world's cargo throughput.
data shows that in 2021, Ningbo Zhoushan Port completed a cumulative cargo throughput of 122.405 million tons, a year-on-year growth rate of 4.4%, making it the only "super port" in the world with an annual cargo throughput of over 1.2 billion tons, and ranked first among the world's ports for 13 consecutive years.
Except for Ningbo Zhoushan Port, Shanghai Port and Tangshan Port ranked second and third with throughputs of 769.7 million tons and 722.4 million tons, respectively, with growth rates of 8.2% and 2.8% respectively. Qingdao Port and Guangzhou Port ranked 4th and 5th respectively, Suzhou Port ranked 7th, Rizhao Port and Tianjin Port ranked 9th and 10th respectively. Singapore Port and Australia's Port Hedland ranked 6th and 8th respectively.
From the perspective of container throughput indicators, in addition to occupying the second highest in cargo throughput ranking, Shanghai Port ranks first in the world in container throughput for 12 consecutive years. Data shows that in 2021, the throughput of Shanghai Port container reached 47.033 million TEUs.
Ningbo Zhoushan Port: the world's only dual "10 million boxes" single terminal port
"Ningbo Zhoushan Port is also an important iron ore transit base, crude oil transit base, liquid chemical storage and transportation base and an important coal and grain storage and transportation base in East China." Hong Tao , director of the Institute of Commercial Economics of Beijing University of Technology and Commerce, introduced to Beijing Business Daily reporters.
Ningbo Zhoushan Port has achieved great success many times, and one of the major reasons lies in its scale. "Among the 19 port areas of Ningbo Zhoushan Port, Meishan Port Terminal is currently the largest and most professional car roll-on dock in Zhejiang Province. It can accommodate 10,215 cars at the same time. These cars are connected to the end and end and are 51 kilometers long." Hong Tao said, "The roll-on ship that is docked next to the dock has a load of more than 30,000 tons, and can accommodate 2,300 cars at the same time. Many automobile companies transport cars here first and then distribute them to various 4S stores in East China."
At present, Ningbo Zhoushan Port is still continuing to expand. According to China Water Transportation Network, recently, 9 units including the No. 10 150,000-ton container berth of the container terminal project of the No. 6 to 10 Meishan Port District of Ningbo Zhoushan Port have passed the acceptance inspection, marking the successful completion of the "10 million box-level" port area of the Meishan Port District of Ningbo Zhoushan Port. In addition to the completed "10 million box-level" port area of Chuanshan, Ningbo Zhoushan Port will become the only single port in the country and even the world with double "10 million box-level" port.
Shanghai Port: It is firmly ranked first among the world's automated terminals
Shanghai Port, which is across the sea from Ningbo Zhoushan Port, is one of the reasons for its outstanding achievements lies in its natural geographical advantages. According to data, Shanghai Port connects China's north and south coasts and the world's oceans, and then runs through the Yangtze River basin, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui inland rivers, and Taihu basin. At present, Shanghai Port has established container cargo trade transactions with more than 500 ports in 214 countries and regions around the world, and has more than 80 international routes.
Hong Tao introduced that from the domestic perspective alone, the radiation range of Shanghai Port includes Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Chongqing, Taiwan and other provinces and regions. Another advantage of Shanghai Port lies in its outstanding emphasis on the core port. It is reported that Shanghai Port has ranked first in the world for 12 consecutive years, with Yangshan Port's contribution rate of exceeding 50%.
"Shanghai Port aims to build Yangshan Phase IV into a fully automated container terminal with the largest single unit, the highest degree of intelligence, and completely independent intellectual property rights in the world, breaking foreign monopoly and achieving technological overreach. Therefore, its annual throughput and operating efficiency rank first among the world's automated terminals." Hong Tao said.
Central Region : Why is the construction of ports
Super ports take the lead and the central region has also ushered in a boom in port shipping construction. According to China Water Transport Network, Hunan plans to invest 6 billion yuan to accelerate the construction of a backbone waterway network of "one river, one lake and four waters" and a port system of "one hub, multiple keys and wide extension"; Henan Province plans to invest more than 120 billion yuan in highways and waterways, of which more than 20 billion yuan is invested in ordinary roads and waterways; Hubei will strive to complete fixed asset investment of 8 billion yuan, add 10 million tons of port throughput capacity, and ensure the increase of port container rail-water transport volume by 15%.
"The main stream of the Yangtze River passes through Hunan and Hubei and other central cities, and there are tributaries of the Yangtze River in Henan Province." Hong Yong, associate researcher at the Institute of E-Commerce of the International Trade and Economic Cooperation of the Ministry of Commerce, told Beijing Business Daily reporters, "So, overall, establishing ports in central cities will help further utilize the shipping potential of inland rivers such as the Yangtze River, Yellow River, , and drive the economic development of surrounding central cities."
Bai Ming, deputy director of the International Market Research Department of the Institute of International Trade and Economic Cooperation of the Ministry of Commerce, also believes that the advantage of building port shipping in central cities lies in inland rivers. "Unlike seaports, the shipping tonnage and throughput of ports in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River are relatively limited. Therefore, it can carry out river-sea transport to a large extent, and jointly coordinate with downstream seaports to exert its logistics convenience." How can shipping construction in the central region be shown? "Intelligence and professionalism represent the future development direction of the world's ports. Ningbo Zhoushan Port and Shanghai Port are both strengthening the digital transformation of to ." Hong Tao said, "In the process of building ports, in addition to focusing on digitalization and intelligence, repeated construction and convergent investment should be avoided to avoid low economic benefits. Corresponding Inland Hebei Lake Ports should be established to play the role of intermodal transport and coordinated development with sea transport, so as to truly achieve high-quality development of ."
Beijing Business Daily reporter Fang Binnan Ran Lili/Text Zhang Xiaoyan/Photo
