Marine engineering refers to new construction, reconstruction, and expansion projects with the purpose of developing, utilizing and protecting marine resources (especially marine oil and gas resources), and the main body of the project is located on the seaward side of the coastline.
European and American manufacturing powers gradually withdrew during the industry downturn, and the market share of Chinese enterprises increased significantly and is now close to 50%.
my country's offshore engineering manufacturing has a history of more than 50 years and has formed a relatively complete industrial chain.
The offshore engineering industry chain includes three major links: offshore equipment design, offshore equipment manufacturing and oilfield services. The upstream of
is mainly for offshore engineering equipment design and raw material support. The midstream is offshore engineering equipment manufacturing companies including mooring chains, auxiliary ships, special platforms, etc. The downstream is oil service engineering companies represented by Offshore Oil Engineering and Oil and gas exploration and sales companies represented by CNOOC, PetroChina, and Sinopec mainly focus on oil field services.
Offshore engineering industry chain:
Offshore engineering equipment manufacturing is the core link of the offshore engineering industry chain. It is a technology- and capital-intensive industry. Enterprises invest heavily in R&D and are under great pressure on R&D expenses. Moreover, most offshore engineering equipment has high unit prices and The production cycle is long and the capital occupied is huge.
Offshore equipment can be roughly divided into three categories: drilling equipment, production equipment, and auxiliary equipment. Among them, the floating production platform (FPS) integrates production, oil storage, and oil unloading functions and has become the mainstream of offshore production platforms. Accounting for 25% of the total investment expenditure in marine engineering.
Offshore equipment industry chain:
Compared with civilian ships, offshore equipment supporting equipment is more complex, the product added value is higher, and it accounts for a larger proportion of the equipment cost.
There are certain differences in the cost structure of different types of offshore equipment. Taking mobile drilling platforms as an example, the most important cost is supporting equipment, accounting for about 70% of the total cost. Among them, the supporting equipment with the largest value is the drilling package. The price It is about US$100-200 million, accounting for about 30% of the total cost. Labor costs account for about 15%, raw material costs such as steel are about 10%, and design management costs account for 5%.
Market space and technical difficulty of each link in the offshore industry chain:
The main supporting systems of drilling platforms generally include drilling systems, anchoring systems, power generation systems and dynamic positioning systems. In addition to the above supporting systems, drilling ships also include self-propelled systems. The
production platform is slightly more complex. The supporting systems include single-point mooring systems, dynamic positioning systems, oil treatment systems, wastewater treatment systems, water injection treatment systems, helicopter take-off and landing systems, inert gas generation systems, firefighting and life-saving systems, electrical instrumentation systems, and monitoring systems, power generation systems, etc.
Offshore engineering ship needs to achieve more types of operation tasks. In addition to the necessary supporting systems for general ships, it also includes many professional supporting systems, such as the loading and lifting system of crane ship and so on.
The life cycle of offshore oil and gas fields is mainly divided into three stages: exploration, development and production. China Oilfield Services, Offshore Oil Engineering, and Offshore Oil Development have a clear division of labor. Among them, COSL is responsible for oil and gas resource exploration, finding oil and gas reservoirs, opening oil and gas reservoirs through drilling and other methods, and finally constructing oil wells. Offshore Oil Engineering is responsible for the construction of offshore oil and gas fields and the commissioning of target oil fields.
Specifically includes offshore platform construction and installation (jacket, upper module, etc.), submarine pipeline laying, floating production, storage and offloading device FPSO general contracting , etc., so that the oil field can be officially produced. CNOOC Development is responsible for oilfield production and operations, including providing oilfield environmental protection management, FPSO operations, logistics, etc.
FPSO (Floating Production Storage & Offloading) is an offshore floating production, storage and offloading oil tanker. It is an offshore oil and gas development platform that integrates production and processing, storage and export, life and power supply, including topside production facilities, hull and underwater single point The mooring system is mainly responsible for separating oil, gas and water from the extracted oil, realizing the storage and transportation of crude oil products, and integrating the personnel residence and production command system.
FPSO working diagram:
With the development of China's offshore engineering industry, the frequent issuance and implementation of offshore engineering support policies, and the transfer of global offshore engineering equipment manufacturing centers to China, the market share is expected to continue to increase.
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