brain glioma is a tumor derived from glial cells that evolved from neuroectodermal lobes, also known as glioma , brain glioma. The symptoms and signs caused by glioma mainly depend on its space-occupying effect and the brain function affected. Glioma can cause headache, nausea and vomiting, epilepsy, blurred vision and other symptoms due to its space-occupying effect.
can also cause other symptoms in patients due to its effect on the function of local brain tissue. For example, optic nerve glioma can cause the loss of vision in patients; spinal glioma can cause pain, numbness, and weakness of the limbs; central area glioma can cause movement and sensory disorders; language area glue Plasma tumors can cause difficulties in patient language expression and understanding. The etiology of
glioma is more complicated, mainly including the following aspects:
1. Congenital genetic risk factors Some known genetic diseases, such as neurofibromatosis (type I) and tuberculous sclerosis, etc., are the brain Genetic susceptibility factors of glioma. Patients with these diseases have a higher incidence of glioma than the general population.
2. Environmental carcinogens, some environmental carcinogens may also be related to the occurrence of glioma. Studies have shown that electromagnetic radiation, such as the use of mobile phones, may be related to the production of gliomas. However, there is currently no evidence that there is an inevitable causal relationship between the two.
3. Infection factors. Most patients with glioblastoma and have been infected with macrophage virus, and evidence of macrophage virus infection has been found in most pathological specimens of glioblastoma . However, whether there is a causal relationship between the two is currently unclear.
treatment method
At present, the treatment of glioma at home and abroad is generally surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, X knife, gamma knife, etc. After
undergoes surgical treatment, patients with high-grade glioma often require further radiotherapy . For patients with low-grade glioma, if there are high-risk factors (for example, the tumor volume exceeds 6 cm, surgical resection, etc.), radiotherapy should also be considered.
radiotherapy includes local radiotherapy and stereotactic radiotherapy. For gliomas discovered for the first time, stereotactic radiotherapy is generally not used. Local radiotherapy can be divided into conformal intensity modulated radiotherapy and three-dimensional shaping radiotherapy according to different technologies. For patients with recurrent gliomas, especially tumors in the functional zone , stereotactic radiotherapy can sometimes be considered.
chemotherapy and targeted therapy are gradually playing an important role in the treatment of glioma. For high-grade gliomas, the application of temozolomide can significantly prolong the survival prognosis of patients. At present, temozolomide is the only chemotherapeutic drug with clear curative effect in the treatment of glioma.
For patients with newly-treated high-grade glioma, temozolomide should be taken alone for a period of time (6-12 cycles) after simultaneous application of temozolomide and radiotherapy (concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy). Other chemotherapy drugs (such as nimustine) may have a certain effect on the treatment of recurrent gliomas. The newly emerging blood vessel targeting drug avastin has a clear effect on recurring high-grade gliomas and can significantly prolong the survival of patients.
surgery is often the first step in the treatment of glioma. Surgery can not only provide the final pathological diagnosis, but also quickly remove most of the tumor cells, relieve the patient's symptoms, and provide convenience for other treatments in the next step. Intraoperative magnetic resonance, which has appeared in
in recent years, can further improve the completeness of complete resection and reduce complications such as postoperative functional defects. The application of intraoperative cortical stimulation electrodes can improve the recognition of motor and language areas during surgery, thereby helping surgeons to better protect important brain functions.
Daily care and diet
1. Carry out bladder function training and clean the perineum. Because of bed rest for a long period of time after surgery, abdominal massage may be appropriate to keep the stool smooth.
2. For those with weak limbs, practice various pinching and gripping methods, and then learn to use combs and brushes, practice washing their face, bathing, and taking food with their hands, etc., so that the patients can get satisfaction.
3. Language rehabilitation training, starting with simple single tone, then double tone, and sentence.
4. Keep a cheerful mood and build confidence in overcoming the disease.
Patients with glioma should strengthen nutrition, easy to digest, Light diet, avoid hard food, so as not to cause wound pain due to chewing force.
