Journal of Literature · Read at night
Read at night on the night before going to bed, a beautiful article will take you into the world of memory of reading.
Nowadays, many students are keen to watch famous writers interpret classics on B station. There is a " Ni Dahong " called the treasure tutor. He explains famous works in Chinese textbooks, and quotes classics and does not forget to contact current popular culture. While humor and relaxed, students can appreciate the mystery of modern classics.
He is the editor-in-chief of "New Curriculum Standards Literature Book" 2.0 version from Ni Wenjian teacher from East China Normal University. Recently, he combined the essence of the explanation in the video to gather into the book "Ni Wenjian Chinese Class". The first edited from " Kong Yiji ", " Back View ", "Hehua Tree" to "Beijing Smoke Clouds", " Siege City ". Each article has its own angles and techniques, read thoroughly, and the second edited selected thirteen poems, including "Blessings", "Autumn in the Ancient Capital", "Moonlight in the Lotus Pond", "Oh, Fragrant Snow" and other thirteen poems and essays for criticism, and guide readers to explore and think in a tempting manner.
read tonight, bringing his interpretation of the article "Back View" by Zhu Ziqing. This modern masterpiece that has been included in various textbooks since 1930. How many new ideas can be interpreted about father-son emotions, transformation of the times, etc.?
Ni Wenjianguang Qi Bookstore | Shanghai People's Education Press
Why did "Back View" become a classic?
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In recent years, the reform of Chinese language education in primary and secondary schools has been quite strong. A variety of textbooks have been tried out across the country at the same time, and some textbooks have been greatly adjusted in content, and many traditional famous articles have been lost. However, "I remain unmoved" by Mr. Zhu Ziqing's "Back View" is still a must-choose text for every textbook. Why? Is it because "Back View" was written by Zhu Ziqing and has long become a classic, so I dare not make a rash decision.
I think the reason why I asked this is because: "Back View", about 1,500 words, looks simple, plain, and unremarkable; if someone says that the good compositions of middle school students at the moment are not much worse than it, someone may believe it. ——Of course, even if anyone who has written "Back View" now cannot become Zhu Ziqing, and his works will not have the courtesy of "Back View". In this regard, it might even be said that "Back View" is so famous because of Zhu Ziqing's writing, and thus becomes classic.
Writer Zhu Ziqing
This is not surprising. First of all, there are so-called " first person to eat crabs ", and there are also so-called "the rest of your life will be late." Secondly, this idea is actually very consistent with modern literary theory. American literary theorist Jonathan Kahler once explained similar situations in the profound terms of "super protection cooperation principle". Simply put, because you have basic trust in Zhu Ziqing and have super "protective" his articles, you can trust "Back View" as a classic work with profound connotation and strong artistic nature; and because of this trust, if you can't read "Back View" the "good one", you will doubt your level; even if you just want to prove yourself, you will read and talk about your own "cooperation" repeatedly.
Everyone is like this. How could "Back View" not become a classic? However, it should be considered that "Back View" was created by Zhu Ziqing in 1925, and things are a little more complicated.
At that time, although Zhu Ziqing had joined the Literary Research Association early, had run literary magazines, and tried and published works in various literary categories such as poetry, novels, and prose, and the number was not small. In prose writing, there were already works such as "Singing", " Hurry " and "Wenzhou Traces"; especially in 1923, "Qinhuai River in the Sound of the Paddles and Lights" with the same title as Yu Pingbo appeared in the well-known publication " Oriental Magazine ". "In the vernacular prose of that period, both of these articles were quite touching and spread very quickly", and became a good story in the literary world. However, overall, Zhu Ziqing at that time had not yet become such a famous "brand" later; it was precisely after the publication of "Back View" that added a very important weight to "Zhu Ziqing".
"Back View" written by Chinese and foreign illustrators
So, why could "Back View" stand out and attract attention at that time? The opinions of famous overseas modern literature researchers Li Oufan are quite inspiring. He once gave lectures on Peking University : Lu Xun said in the famous article "How do we be fathers now" that China's "sages" "think that fathers have absolute power and majesty towards their sons; if I were to speak, of course I could do everything. My son had something to say, but he had already been wrong before he said it." This concentratedly expressed the dissatisfaction of the May 4th generation with his father. The May Fourth Movement is an anti-traditional era, an era of "beating my father to death". The image of fathers in May Fourth literature is negative; while "Back View" is different. In modern Chinese literary works, it focuses on portraying a positive image of a father for the first time. With the situation of "bad dad walking all over the street", this "good dad" suddenly resonated with countless readers. In short, "Back View" was born at the right time and achieved extraordinary success in a special context, greatly improving Zhu Ziqing's reputation.
It should be added that since 1930, "Back View" has been continuously selected for textbooks and extracurricular reading materials from the Republic of China period such as "New School System First Chinese Language", "Kaoming Chinese Lecture Notes" and "Kaoming Chinese Reading Book (Type A)" in the "New Edition Junior High School Intensive Readings" released in July and August 1949, the "Editor Example" "Standard for Selecting Materials of This Book" has added the first "compliant with the spirit of New Democracy ", and "Back View" is still selected as a suitable person. It is obvious that the wide influence and authority of the textbooks undoubtedly add icing on the cake to the "super protection cooperation principle" when interpreting "Back View".
The 12th Chinese Dance " Lotus Award " Dance Drama Award Winning Work "Zhu Ziqing"
In a sentence, why did "Back View" become a classic? Causes outside of literature are very important. On the other hand, as Kahler pointed out dialectically, some texts still cannot read any "literary nature" if they give them a lot of "super protection cooperation principle". The reason why "Back View" has become a classic is also unimaginable without its inherent quality as a prerequisite for becoming a classic. In fact, "The reason why "the reason why "there is the reason why "the recitation of the back" has been through its honesty and the true feelings expressed in it" is that we are more familiar with similar statements. Back then, Mr. Ye Shengtao selected "Back View" into the textbook, and there was a prompt: "The dialogue in the article seems very ordinary, but it is all emotional." Nowadays, various textbooks, reference books, and teaching aids always emphasize when talking about "Back View" that this article writes and describes the deep love between father and son.
These are naturally good. "Back View" does "express the father's deep feelings of caring for his son and his gratitude for his father's care." But in my opinion, in the history of "Back View", there is always a simplification policy that should not be very important: to understand "father-son deep love" in a flat manner as the relationship between father and son is always happy, and to wishfully "purify" and "purify" the feelings between Zhu Ziqing and his son.
We know that "Back View" is a memorable prose, which is a full eight years apart from the "Back View" article and the "Back View" story. How many things or "trivial" can happen in eight years! Not to mention the conflicts and dislikes between Zhu Ziqing and his father in the biographical materials, the author also recorded some truthfully in the text of "Back View", but he said it simply and implicitly, and needed to read it carefully to crack it. ——I mean the last paragraph of the article.
Ni Wenjian's audience barrage of B station video
"He went out to make a living, supported himself independently, and did many big things. But he was so depressed! He was sad, and naturally he couldn't help himself. affection in the middle , so he naturally had to come out; family trivialities often touched his anger.He treated me gradually different from the past", and he had already suggested and explained clearly: after his father grew older, he was degenerating and depressed; "Every family has a difficult sutra", and Zhu Ziqing and others had a lot of trivial family; his father treated me much less than before, but what about "I" to his father? Just looking at the father and son "had been more than two years ago", the father took the initiative to "finally forget my badness, just thinking about me, my son", and "written a letter to me", it is not difficult to imagine that "I" is not tolerant of my father.
Since this is the case, why did "I" write the article "Back View" in that situation, which praises father's love and father? 22 years after the publication of Shadow, Zhu Ziqing's memory of this is still very clear. "I wrote "Back View" because of the words from my father's letter quoted in the text" - "I am safe, but my arms are painful, and I hold up chopsticks and pens. There are many inconveniences. The so-called "Divine Period" is actually a "death"! Think about it, my father had not met his son for two years, and finally wrote a letter to his son who was still in a terrible relationship. Without saying much else, he talked about his own death. How could this not make Zhu Ziqing feel ashamed, sad and sad, and recite the goodness of his father, and reflect on his own not: No matter what his father is wrong, no matter how much wrong he is, his father will always be The far is the father; there is no greater mistake than my performance in the past two years; does the father still have time and opportunity to make up for his son's mistakes... As long as he is a son and a daughter, he should understand that the author was uneasy and excited at this time.
And I want to say that although many people have noticed Zhu Ziqing's memories in 1947 and the importance of the last paragraph of the article, it is a pity that no one has ever seen anyone talk about it: it is at the end of this article that the biggest secret of the reason why "Back View" is "good", and it also contains the most important potential of the literary classics of "Back View". In this regard, we can experience it from two aspects. First, in the main In terms of content and thoughts, although Zhu Ziqing was "just realistic", he truly wrote about the blood relationship of father and son, and there will be friction, and the family relationship of father and son will also have twists and turns; he revealed that "the moon has phases and wanes", and people are complex in the world and may make mistakes due to this. In this way, the classic theme of "deep father and son" adds to the son's guilt and repentance, which is also very important among the many emotions expressed in the work; and thus, "Back View" is no longer as simple and simple as ordinary works. Even if it may lose "pure feelings", it is a solid experience that combines multiple angles such as family and life.
The program " Annual Comedy Competition " is based on "Back View", which interprets the traditional difficulty of expressing feelings between father and son
. What is more important is that if the deep meaning at the end of the article is not discovered, the deep feelings expressed in "Back View" will appear a bit sudden and excessive, and many of the focus points in the text appear somewhat artificial; in other words, only by discovering the "leopard tail" that does not easily reveal the true appearance in "Back View" can we discover the artistic elaboration and in place of "Back View". The most special point is the control of the article structure, emotional expression, language selection, etc., which is both powerful and moderate, and natural. It is very valuable. You might as well think about it carefully: Zhu Ziqing started to create "Back View" when complex emotions such as shame, sadness, and gratitude are so exciting. That is to say, the author actually uses deep emotions and extremely strong force to write "Back View"; however, Zhu Ziqing did not express his emotions together like a new hand, but started like a thousand waves almost invisibly, "I have not met my father for more than two years, and what I cannot forget the most is his back" - it seems very calm, not only breaking the question, but also setting doubts, and once he understands the end and rereads it, the emotions that Zhu Ziqing has tried hard to restrain will be easily experienced.Furthermore, this beginning means that under such a thrilling mood, the author can consciously or unconsciously consider technical issues such as the structure of the article, which shows that Zhu Ziqing is already quite mature as an essayist. Moreover, such a maturity runs through the text of "Back View", for example, the author uses two "repeated" and two "hesitations" and explains that "father is a fat man" to fully build up and pave the way; for example, the famous "Back View" shot: "I saw him wearing a black cloth hat, a large black cloth jacket, and a dark blue cloth cotton robe, staggering to the edge of the railway and slowly leaning down. However, it is not easy for him to cross the railway and climb up the platform there. He climbed with both hands On top, his feet shrink upwards; his fat body leans slightly to the left, showing a hard work" - Have you noticed that this is indeed a perfect close-up of a movie: the color of the dress is very clear, the direction of the movement is very clear, and the picture feels very strong; and, it is really a too sensational shot, no wonder the author wrote at the right time, "At this time, when I saw his back, my tears quickly flowed down" - a sentimental reader would probably not be able to control it. ——If this is true, Zhu Ziqing's pursuit of artistic quality will have an effect. As the "artistic eye", the "dramatic action" of "literary eyes" will either not be released, and it will be immediately effective. For example, at the end of the article, "In the crystal tears, I saw the fat back of the blue cotton robe and black cloth jacket again. Alas! I don't know when I will meet him again!" I not only paid attention to the beginning and end of the article, but also came to an abrupt end, and the lingering sound...
"Big Picture Series" "Back View" illustration
Beijing Joint Publishing Company
After such "every word is gem", has the inner potential of "Back View" been exhausted? I don't think so, let me give you an example. As we mentioned earlier, "Back View" was the earliest in May Fourth literature to portray the image of a father positively; and some people have found that the image of a father described in "Back View" mainly has the characteristics of "careful", "consider", "not strong and powerful", which is far from the classic image of father "strong sense of responsibility", "resolute", "careless" and "strong". "What we see in "Back View" is not the image of a father, but rather the image of a mother." This is an interesting discovery, and how to interpret it and what can you read from this? It's even more an interesting question. You can contact Zhu Ziqing's consistent style of creation, "Green", "Moonlight in the Lotus Pond", " for the Dead Women", and especially the argumentative prose "Women" created in 1925. You can also focus on the female metaphors and feminization consciousness of Zhu Ziqing's articles, or you can contact Zhu Ziqing's life experience, and even appropriately use "psychoanalysis" of Freud as an introduction to other research. You can also continue to think that "Back View" is a work that positively shapes the image of a father, but why does the father in "Back View" still look more like a mother? What is the relationship between this and the social and literary context of the May Fourth Movement? Can it be said that there was a powerful " collective unconscious " during the May Fourth Movement, which made Zhu Ziqing think and write involuntarily? Wait and wait.
In short, the width interpreted by "Back View" is the width of your life and the width of your thinking. In just one short article "Back View", there is a long history of Zhu Ziqing's life, emotional history, and thought history, as well as your own long history of life, emotions and even thoughts. Literary reading and even "literature" itself are not afraid of it and need such projection and empathy. Modern literary theory has long stated this; and it is precisely those classic works, because they are patronized by the "super protection cooperation principle" and have repeated readings from countless readers, so the more you read, the more you read, the more you become, the more classic it becomes. In other words, your and my participation is also a major reason why classics become classics.
If this is true, then it is neither possible nor necessary to clarify what contents mentioned in this article belong to "Back View" and which ones belong to "super protection cooperation".Why did "Back View" become a classic? Let's not properly borrow the wonderful metaphor of a celebrity to end it: If you eat an egg that tastes good, just know that it tastes great, why bother asking how this egg comes from?
New Media Editor: Zheng Zhouming
Pictures: Publishing film and television materials
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