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In the history of Buddhism, Shi Tou Xiqian is definitely a unique existence.
Generally speaking, most people who practice Buddhism have a stable, calm and resolute personality, low-key and restrained personality, except for Xiqian . He is a person with a high-profile and ostentatious personality - at least when he was young.
Guangdong, commonly known as "Lingnan", was once a barbarian and wilderness. Because Guangdong and Hainan were still connected at that time, they were at the end of the sky and the corners of the sea, so they were always the "gate of hell" to be exiled to the army. During the Tang and Song dynasties, many high-ranking officials and literati were exiled to Lingnan, such as Han Yu , Su Dongpo , and even Bao Zheng , who also served in Duanzhou - but Bao Zheng did not belong to exile and exile, but was appointed.
From Han Yu's famous poem " Moving left to Languan to show his nephew Sun Xiang ", we can see that as an official and a literati at that time, he was afraid of Lingnan:
A letter from the nine heavens in the morning, and was demoted to Chaozhou at night.
If you want to be a saint and clear, you will be willing to cherish the old age!
Yunheng Qinling Where is the home? The snow is surrounded by Lan Pass and the horse is not moving forward.
I know that you should be interested in coming from afar, so that I can harvest my bones by the river.
However, what is interesting is that Han Yu was demoted because of his "anti-Buddhist".
14th year of Emperor Xianzong of Tang Dynasty (819 AD), Xianzong sent envoys to Fengxiang to welcome Buddha bones , and Chang'an area set off a craze for believers in Buddhism. Han Yu submitted a memorial to " on the Buddha's Bone Expression " to persuade people, believing that it is ridiculous to worship Buddha's bones and demand that the Buddha's bones be burned so that people in the world will not be misled.
This made Emperor Xianzong of Tang, who was extremely Buddhist and in high spirits, furious and wanted to punish Han Yu. Fortunately, Pei Du , Cui Qun and others tried their best to persuade and plead for mercy, and the case was alleviated. But Emperor Xianzong of Tang still had his anger and demoted Han Yu to the governor of Chaozhou.
This is a distraction, and I will go to the topic in my spare time and I will give it a separate article.
Of course, everything has its disadvantages and advantages. The exile of these senior officials and literati to Guangdong is a test of life and death for them, but it has objectively played a great role in promoting the local politics, economy, culture and education. This may be something that even rulers of all generations themselves did not expect.
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Guangdong's Buddhist cause has always been very effective, not much less than the mainland, and it is even comparable to Sichuan. Buddhist masters, , the Sixth Patriarch, , Huineng, was counted as an example, the Tang Dynasty monk Zhang Sui, was counted as an example, and Shi Tou Xiqian was also counted as an example.
Zen Master Xiqian was born in Gaoyao, Duanzhou in 700 AD (now Gaoyao County, Zhaoqing City, Guangdong). Xiqian was very fierce when he was young. He was superstitious about the custom of sacred temples in the towns and regularly slaughtering cattle and sprinkling wine for sacrifices. Whenever he was sacrificed, he would go to the sacrificial place to destroy the temple and seize the cattle. This was a traitor and shocking act in the countryside at that time.
Perhaps because of this, he was regarded as an alien by his fellow tribe, and was not tolerated in the village, and could only go to the temple to practice.
It is said that Xiqian was only 13 years old when he joined Zong Huineng's disciple and was not yet adult. Until Huineng passed away, he had not received the full precepts.
After Huineng passed away, he was advised by the chief monk and went to Jingju Temple in Qingyuan Mountain, Jizhou, Jiangxi to visit the Zen Master Xingsi . Everyone should have already understood these plots in my article about Qingyuan Xingsi. Because of his quick and quick defense, Xingsi was valued by Xingsi, which made Xingsi feel relieved that "although there are many people, one single person is enough."
Soon after, Xingsi ordered Xiqian to go to Hengshan, Nanyue to pay homage to Huairang. After some training, he returned to Jingju Temple to practice.
Later, Xingsi passed on all his lifelong practice methods to Xiqian, so that he could finally become a great man.
Dong Xuanzong In the early years of Tianbao (742 AD), Xi Qian left Qingyuan Mountain to Nanyue Hengshan, and was invited to live in Hengshan Nan Temple. There is a huge stone in the east of the temple, as flat as a platform. Xi Qian lives on a temple, so it is called " Stone Monk " or "Stone Xi Qian".
After 22 years, in the second year of Guangde (764 AD), I hope to move to the disciples to go down the mountain to live in Duanliang (now Dushi Temple in Changsha) to spread the Dharma, and the result quickly caused a sensation in all directions.According to relevant records, there are many disciples in Xiqian, which can be said to be crowded with people. Well-known Dharma heirs include Yaoshan Weiyan, Emperor Daowu, Danxia Tianran, Tips and Tips Huilang, Xingguo Zhenlang, Tanzhou Dachuan, Chaozhou Dadian, etc.
In his later years, Xiqianfufufa gave Yao Shan Weiyan, allowing him to become his inheritor.
Yaoshan Weiyan, born in 737 and died in 834, is from Jiangzhou (now northeast of Houma City, Shanxi Province). His common surname is Han. Weiyan is a monk of the Qingyuan system of the Southern School of Zen, and one of the ancestors of the Caodong School of . He is an important Zen master who connects the Mazu Dao Yishen system and the Shi Tou Xiqian Zen system. He plays an important role in the history of Zen.
Dong Dezong In the sixth year of Zhenyuan (790 AD), Xiqian died, ending his independent and special life at the age of 90. His book "Shentongqi " has been circulated for thousands of years in later generations.
After Xiqian passed away, his disciples built the East Ridge for him. About 30 years later, Liu Ke, a doctor of the Imperial College in the Tang Dynasty during the reign of Emperor Muzong of Tang Dynasty, met his disciple Dao Mian, and Dao Mian "speaks the Way of the Master". Liu Ke respected him very much and wrote a stele and a slander for Zen Master Xiqian. He was named Xiqian's title of " Master Wuji " and gave him a plaque to the tower "See the Master".
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Shi Tou Xiqian, later known as Master Wuji. As far as this title is concerned, it is indeed very consistent with his lifelong personality, practice and pursuit.
It is said that when the Sixth Patriarch Huineng saw Xi Qian, he liked it very much: "If you can be my disciple, of course you have to be someone like you!"
In the 16th year of Kaiyuan of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (728 AD), Xi Chong went to Luofu Mountain to receive the ordination. After returning to Caoxi , one day he had a dream, dreaming that he stood on the back of a turtle with Dajian Zen Master (Huineng), and was playing in the deep pond. After waking up, he realized that "the turtle is spiritual wisdom, and the pool is the sea of nature. I and my master have been traveling to the sea of nature for a long time. Why do you dream?"
At this time, the Sixth Patriarch Huineng had passed away for 15 years.
Because of this, Xiqian didn’t have much concern in front of the Sixth Patriarch. Before the Sixth Patriarch passed away, Xi Qian asked bluntly: Who should Xi Qian rely on after a hundred years? So there is a story about Xiqian joining Qingyuan Xingsi.
Qingyuan Xingsi also likes Xiqian very much. They often make jokes that are both solemn and harmonious. Xiqian said: "Monks must also take half of it, and don't rely on scholars." What does it mean? It is Xiqian who said: Monk, for classics or predecessors, you can learn half of it. Don’t just focus on picking up people Yahui , you must have your own ideas and breakthroughs. Xingsi said seriously: "If you don't tell me, I'm afraid that future generations will not be able to pass on it!"
From here, it is not difficult to see Xiqian's boldness and wit and strong breakthrough insights back then.
From here, it is not difficult to see Xiqian's boldness and wit, and strong breakthrough insights back then.
, especially Xi Qian, who saw Huairang, was even more arrogant and paranoid: "I would rather go through the disaster forever than seek liberation from all saints!"
This is a kind of will, a declaration, and a kind of courage.
Facing the vigorous and vigorous Xiqian, Huirang remained silent. In other words, he didn't know what to say for a while, or he didn't know what to say, or he didn't want to say anything at all.
This is a communication between two people with completely different personalities. Maybe more, Huairang really doesn't want to say anything.
Later, Huilang asked Xi Qian: "What is Buddha?" Xi Qian said as if perfunctory, you have no Buddha nature. Huilang is relentless: All living beings have Buddha nature, why do I have Buddha nature? Xi Qian said directly: "Because you are unwilling to take responsibility, so there is no!"
Huilang was inspired by this and became enlightened.
So, what exactly is Xiqian's Buddhist proposition?
1. Regardless of meditation and diligence, one can only realize the Buddha's knowledge and views; second, if one can know it yourself, one will be prepared for everything.
This is Xiqian’s method of practice. Therefore, whenever the disciples ask about the general idea of Buddhism, they all answered: "I don't know, I don't know." They asked again, is there any more turning points in the upward direction? Mr. Xi Qian replied: The empty heart does not hinder the white clouds from flying!
He is actually hinting that once he realizes it, he can fly freely. However, most people cannot understand it.
04
According to legend, Xi Qian was inspired when reading " Zhaolun " "The sages know all things for themselves" and had a deep understanding and resonance with "the Dharma body does not separate itself from others, and the round mirror reflects all things", so he wrote "Santongqi". The word "santong" was originally derived from Taoist , hoping to get the meaning of it and use it to express its own "return to each other" theory. The so-called "shen" means that all dharmas are in their own position and do not violate each other. The so-called "same" means that although all dharmas change in different ways, they are not separated from their principles and can be integrated. The "return and mutual" meditation he founded and advocated refers to the fact that although all dharmas do not violate each other, they also enter, penetrate and influence each other, and are an independent and unified closed loop.
Those who practice Zen understand this essence and verify it in daily practice. The spiritual illumination is not ignorant, which is called "confidence". He introduced this idea into Zen and developed it, enriching the content of Zen, and thus opening up the methods of his sect. The "Santongqi" repeatedly explains the relationship between one mind and all dharmas, which reveals the original and the end, and interacts with each other, so as to see the whole connection manifested from individual things. If the directors are looked at separately, then "the deacon is originally confused, and understanding the principle is not enlightenment"; if it is looked at together, then each door has all realms, which is the so-called "all realms of each door, return to each other but not return to each other."
This has a very dialectical "contradiction and unity, special and universal", so Mazu Daoyi also commented on Xiqian's Zen style that "slip stones" are said. It is very meaningful to experience the "slip stone road" carefully.
people commented that Mazudao advocates "big opportunities and great uses" and tends to be static; Shi Tou Xiqian advocates "returning each other but not returning each other", and movement and stillness are suitable. Mazu 's more like "Zen thought", and Xiqian's more like "philosophical thought". Therefore, the Zen method he created can also be said to be a kind of philosophy logic. This combination of thought and meditation has become the characteristic of Yaoshan Weiyan's "thinking but not thinking".
Later, Yunyan Tansheng proposed the "Treasure Mirror Samadhi" method, which uses the relationship between mirror shape and shadow to display; Dongshan good prices also develop in this direction, and then engages in the relationship between images and establishes the theory of partial positive and mutual reciprocity, five meritorious achievements, and the use of Zen is more round and detailed.
Xiqian's Zen method was spread through the enlightenment and spread by the Emperor of Heaven under his disciple. By the time of , the five generations of were further developed into the Yunmen and Dharma Eye. They also focused on "everything is ready", which was in line with the "reality and truth" advocated by Xiqian.
Among the five Zen schools, the Weiyang family had already died. In addition to Linji, the other four schools, Caodong, Yunmen and Fayan, are all in line with Xiqian in terms of inheritance. After the Caodong Zen was introduced to Japan, it has been passed down to practice. The Dharma eye has also been passed down to North Korea and South Korea, which has a huge impact on the Zen community at home and abroad.
Weiyan is the most respected by Xiqian among his fellow disciples. He preached the Dharma at Tansheng in Yunyan, Tansheng passed on the good price in Dongshan, and Cao Shan Benji and Yunju Daoying. Later, Caoshan's lineage was interrupted, and Lai Yunju placed an order to pass the order, and resurrected in , Southern Song .
On the other hand, Daowu passed on Longtan Chongxin, Xinzhan Xuanjian, Yijian passed on Xuefeng's righteousness and continued to pass on Yunmen Wenyan, and moved from south to north. The other part of Yicun was taught by Xuansha Shibei and Dizang Guichen, and was the last founder of the Dharmayan Sect , which was the last of the five families. Wen Yi was once again circulated by Yongming for a longevity, and wrote 100 volumes of "H Sects of Mirrors ", guiding Tiantai, Consciousness-Only, and the Scholar to join the sect, gathering the great achievements of Zen principles. Longevity also uses Zen to integrate the Pure Land Dharma, opening up the trend of Zen and Pure Land in later generations, and finally became an important turning point in the transformation from teachings and Zen competition to the integration of various sects.
Stone Sect, influenced by its stern style, is said to be less prosperous than Mazudao, but they are all very prominent. Xiqian's disciples, 7 people are included in Volumes 4 and 5 of "Zutang Collection", and 21 people are included in Volumes 14 of "Jingde Chuanlan". Among them, the famous ones are Huilang, Daowu, Weiyan, Tianran, and Dadian . In addition, Zhenlang, Zili, and Daoxian are also included, which are famous teachers.
Although Shi Tou Xiqian has passed away for 1232 years, his wit, agility and straightforwardness are still flashing across the stars. We can appreciate this from his short and not-so-proven "San Tongqi" and " Cao'an Song ".
ganki
Zhutu Great Immortal Heart, and the world is closely connected.People have sharp and dull roots, but their Tao has no ancestors in the north and south.
spiritual source is bright and clear, branch undercurrents. Deacon is a mystery, and understanding the truth is not enlightenment.
All the realms of each door, return to each other but not return to each other. Go back and get involved, and don’t live in your position.
Color is originally different in nature, and the sound is different from happiness and suffering. Secretly speaking, the clear and turbid sentences are clear.
The four natures of the body will be restored, just like a son getting his mother. The hot wind shakes, and the water wetland is solid.
Eyes and ears sounds, nose, tongue, vinegar. However, according to the method one by one, it is distributed according to the root and leaf.
The root of the root must be followed by the root, and the words of the highest and inferior are used. When there is darkness in the light, do not meet darkness.
When there is light in the dark, don’t see each other clearly. Light and darkness are opposite, such as front and back steps.
All things have their own achievements, and they should be used and used. If the matter is kept, the letter is closed, and the arrow is supported.
Admit to the saying that one must be aware of one's priests and do not establish rules. If you can’t see the truth, how can you know the way if you have enough luck?
Progress is not near and far, but it is apart from the mountains and rivers. Be careful with the white and Xuan people, and don’t waste your time.
Cao'an Song
I have no treasures in the grass hamlet, I will have a calm meal and sleep quickly. When
is 0, the thatch is new, and after it is broken, it will cover the thatch.
The people living in the temple are always there, not the middle or inside or outside.
I don’t live in the world, and I don’t love where people love. Although the temple is small, it contains the Dharma Realm, and the Abbot’s body is understood.
The highest Bodhisattvas believe in it, and it will be strange if they hear it from the middle and the lower level.
Ask this temple, is it bad? The bad and indestructible main elements are in.
does not live in the north and west, and the base is firmly located.
Under the green forest, in the bright window, the jade palace and the red building are not right,
The quilt covers everything, and even the mountain monk will not do it at this time.
Live in this temple, don’t do it. Who praises the shop and buys the pictures?
returns and returns, and his spiritual roots are not facing the back.
Meet the ancestor, teach me personally, and do not retreat after making grass for the temple.
A hundred years have passed away, and he will do it without any guilt.
Thousands of words, all kinds of explanations, as long as you teach the king to stay ignorant.
If you want to know that no one is dead in the temple, how can you leave it now?
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