Yuhua Pavilion Exterior View
In the Qing Palace archives and documents, there is a building area called "Zhongzheng Hall". With the Zhongzheng Hall as the center, there are ten Tibetan Buddhist halls such as Baohua Hall, Yuhua Pavilion, and Fanzong Tower from south to north, forming the only architectural area in the Forbidden City that consists of all Buddhist halls. But it was burned to pieces in 1923, leaving only Yuhua Pavilion.
Yuhua Pavilion Structural Diagram
Yuhua Pavilion is located in Chunhua Gate and is the largest of dozens of Buddhist temples in the palace. is also the only Han-Tibetan building in the Qing Palace complex.
Yuhua Pavilion Exterior
The entire Yuhua Pavilion looks at the outside, and there are only three floors, and the three floors are also common heights in the Royal Loft. But in fact, if you walk into Yuhua Pavilion, it is a four-story building, and this kind of building is called [light, three, and four].
eve corner Tibetan copper gilt squat dragon
This Buddhist temple has a unique shape, with blue waist eaves and green glazed tiles, and a single-eaves steep roof, covered with gilt copper tiles, a gilt Lama pagoda on the top, and a Tibetan copper gilt squat dragon on the four ridges. Dragon and tower share nearly 1,000 kilograms of copper.
There are mud gold-colored dragon coiled columns under each layer
In the 14th year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, that is, in 1749, Yuhua Pavilion was built by the third generation Zhangjia Ruobai Dorje from Qinghai based on the teachings of Tibetan Buddhism. It was modeled on the Tolin Temple Mandala Hall of the Aliguge Dynasty in Tibet, and was rebuilt on the basis of the original Ming Dynasty architecture.
Yuhua Pavilion first floor exterior
bottom floor, 3 rooms each with a depth, and a corridor is around it. In 1767, 3 rooms of front eaves and huts were built. can increase the space for sacrificial rituals . The roof is a rolled roof in the north and south, and the two sides are hip roofs. The roof is covered with green glazed tiles and the ridge and roof edges are yellow glazed tiles.
The double crossing four-sided diamond-shaped inner sill window opens in the south.
Baimaquzi refers to the outer eaves unique to Tibetan buildings. It is made up of small wooden blocks of colored cubes, and the color is reduced. Under the eaves of
, Baimaquzi, animal face beam head and other decorations are used.
6-character mantra ceiling
The ceiling decoration of the Guanyin six-character mantra and magical instrument patterns.
zhizhu heart seal" plaque
A plaque inscribed by Emperor Qianlong is hung on the first floor of Yuhua Pavilion.
1st floor interior
The entire hall is covered with pagodas, Buddha statues and offerings.
1st floor in the middle of the Buddha niche offering
After the Buddhist niche , there are three cloisonné enamel three-dimensional mandalas.
cloisonné enamel three-dimensional mandalas
. The three mandalas were all made in 1754 in the 19th year of Qianlong's reign. They are located on the white marble Sumeru mount. The exterior is a red sandalwood double-eaved pavilion-style cover, with the shape and color completely the same, but the inner offering statues are different - the middle is a dense mandala, the east is a Shengmu Mandala, and the west is a Daweide Mandala. According to the three secrets presentation of the "Six Great, Four Mandalas and Three Secrets" of Tantric Buddhism, it shows the completeness of the body, body and appearance.
According to the Qing Palace archives, comprador materials and craftsmen consumed 12,936 taels and 90 cents and 6 cents of silver; the outer mandala of the mandala is about 93,200 kilograms of red sandalwood, and the silver consumption of three enamel mandalas and the silver consumption of red sandalwood exceeds the cost of building Yuhua Pavilion (about 22,500 taels).
The diameter of the inner mandala is 3.65 meters, and the middle is a blue cube platform, which is 0.7 meters high and 1.6 meters long on each side. 9 meters. The four facades are vajra heads of four colors (north red, south white, west yellow, east blue).
On the platform is a cube palace with four doors. In front of each door is a colorful archway with ornate decorations
Square hall is a circular frame, the center of the circle is a tic toe, the main statue of the mandala stands in the middle of the tic toe, and the surrounding grid is a statue of the guardian god. There is a single-eaves and roof skylight on the upper part of the circular frame, and a rectangular platform is a cuboid platform on the top of the plaza. On the platform is a small square pavilion, which houses a Buddhist scripture. This pavilion is called "Xu Pavilion", that is, "Jing Pavilion".
The palace is decorated with banners, white apes, flying sky, treasure vases, etc. There is a Vajra wall composed of 64 vajras under the stage. Outside this wall is a circle of colorful flame walls.
There are eight cold forests between the two walls. In the eight directions of southeast, northwest, southeast, northeast, and northwest, are placed with towers, trees, mountains, ancestors, dragon gods, tree gods, skeletons, lions, foxes, wolves, tigers, elephants, etc. The number is a multiple of eight. Each direction has a protector god, each with a treasure tree, and the masters sitting under the tree for a day, such as Indra, Great Free Heaven, etc.
The wisdom-striking layer behind the mandala, there is a large Buddha niche with red lacquer gold diaphragm
placed in the layer behind the mandala, called the wisdom-striking layer. In the north is a large Buddha niche with red lacquer gold diaphragm. There is a long offering table in front of the niche. There are four kinds of Buddha names written on both sides of the Buddha niche.
Chinese text writes "This layer worships the Buddha of the Wisdom and Practice, and you should recite the sutras of Amitabha Buddha, Four-armed Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva, Victorious Buddha Mother , White Save Buddha Mother, Great Compassionate Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva, Green Save Buddha Mother, Follow-up Buddha Mother, White Umbrella Gai Buddha Mother" in the Wisdom and Practice Buddha Mother. The existing Buddha statues are a group of copper-plated gilded seated statues, with Amitabha Buddha in the middle. These gods are the main deity and guardian gods of the Tantric affairs department, and are the unique image of a goddess in Tibetan Buddhism.
Yuhua Pavilion second floor exterior view
The second floor is wide and deep, with 3 rooms open on the bright room on the south side, and the second room is equipped with a sill window, and the top of the floating mountain with yellow glazed tiles and blue cut edge rolling shed.
stairwell leading to the second floor
The three rooms on the north side of the mandala are separated from the south side by using carved gantry hoods, creating a space for activities. The upper part is the second floor of Yuhua Pavilion, which is also the dark layer, called the Virtue Layer.
2nd floor Buddha niche offering
In front of the stairwell, there is a offering , and worships the nine Buddha statues of , centered on the radiant light of Bodhi Buddha, four Buddha mothers and four Vajras are arranged on the left and right. The four Buddha mothers are all in the right seat with their left legs crossed, their right legs stretched out, and their right foot is on the right seat. Their outfits and facial expressions are the same, but their hand postures and holding objects are different. All four Vajras have a pose where the left leg is straightened and the right leg is bent like a lunge.
The side of the second-layer Buddha niche
The second-layer railing is facing south with magnetic blue paper gold scriptures, written in four Chinese, Manchu, Mongolian and Tibetan. title text: "This level of worshipping the Buddha's virtue, you should recite the great light in the virtue, the Buddha's Buddha's Buddha's mother, the Buddha's mother without self, the Buddha's mother in white clothes, the Buddha's mother of saving the Buddha's mother, the Buddha's mother of showing off the devil's hand, the Vajra in subduing the demon's hand, the Vajra in blue, the Vajra in blue, the Vajra in blue, the Vajra in white horse head, the Amitabha Buddha and other sutras."
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Yuhua Pavilion three-layer yoga layer
Three-layer "Pu Ming Yuan Awakening" is called the yoga layer. It worships the five yoga statues centered on Great Sun Tathagata Buddha, all of which are in Bodhisattva costumes. adopts the right foot plate on the left leg and the left foot plate on the right leg sitting position. Chinese text of the Buddha's niche: "This level worships the yoga chapter Buddha, and you should recite the sutras of Vajra Realm Vairocana Buddha, the Buddha of Achievement, the Buddha of the highest merit, the Buddha of Universal Wisdom, and the Buddha of Saving Life in the Yoga chapter."
Yuhua Pavilion top layer
The top layer is wide and deep, with 4 inner doors on the front, and both sides are inner windows and are surrounded by glazed eaves.
The Supreme Level worships the three supreme yoga masters
top level is called the supreme level, and it is also the most mysterious three supreme yoga masters. They worship each of the intensive Vajra, great power Vajra , and victorious Vajra . The location is consistent with the main lord of the lower mandala. The upper and lower secret courtyards of Lhasa are the three Vajras.
Yuhua Pavilion strictly designs the four parts of Tibetan Buddhism, practice, yoga, and supreme yoga. There are 26 Buddha statues on the four levels of Tantric Buddhism, and each god has its own certain position. Their arrangement and combination are closely related to Tantric rituals.
On the eighth day of April every year, five lamas were sent in the palace to recite the Dabuwei Mandala Sutra on the sutra of the Yuhua Pavilion. On February and , 10 lamas from each sect recited the Vairocana Mandala Sutra on the Yoga Level.On March and June 8th, September and December 15th, 15 lamas from each sect recited the Sutra of the Shāva Buddha Mandala at the level of wisdom. On the sixth day of each month, the Wubu Sutra is placed on the Virtue Level.
Yuhua Pavilion is currently the four most complete Tibetan Buddhist temples in my country, and is of great significance to the study of Tibetan Buddhism. Due to the dense placement and easy to damage, the open conditions are not met here.
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