First, popularize the most basic knowledge. Religion is now divided into four major frameworks - history, literature, philosophy, and theology. The same is true for Buddhism, history - that is, studying the historical origins and branches of Buddhism; there is extraterritorial Bu

first popularizes the most basic knowledge.

religious teaching is now divided into four major frameworks - history, literature, philosophy, and theology.

Buddhism is the same,

History —that is, to study the historical origins and branches of Buddhism; there is extraterritorial Buddhist history and local Buddhist history. Outside the territory are mainly India, Southeast Asian countries and Japan. Locally, since , the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the emergence of branches of Buddhism represents characters and ideas.

Literary —that is, the poems left by advanced monks that have rich Buddhist principles left by Buddhist . For example, I like a poem that is said to be written by Maitreya Buddha :

Put the seedlings all over the field with your hands,

lower your head and see the sky in the water,

The six senses are pure to be the Tao,

Regression is originally moving forward.

Philosophy—that is, the framework for studying the Buddhist worldview, philosophy, thought and epistemology. Buddhism is the religion in Eastern philosophy with the most rigorous logic, the largest thoughts and the most complex system.

After the West proposed the logic syllogism in Aristotle , it developed into a complete logic science, and Eastern Buddhism also has its own logic - In Mingxue . Therefore, the logic of Buddhist philosophy is very rigorous.

emphasizes the rigorous logic of Buddhist philosophy, with the purpose of raising the misunderstanding of the existence of the word "emptiness" that explains the existence of the word "emptiness" of " dependent origination and emptiness ".

Buddhist philosophy is roughly divided into four systems. They are "The Philosophy of Atria", "The Philosophy of the Empty Sect", "Prajna Philosophy", and "The Philosophy of Consciousness-Only".

Among them, "Sarvasattva philosophy" belongs to Hinayana; the last three belong to Mahayana.

Nowadays, scholars who study Buddhist philosophy believe that there is no distinction between Hinayana and Mahayana, but they only have different perspectives in explaining Buddhist principles. The difference between size and size is only for distinguishing between philosophical schools.

OK, after the preparation is completed, let’s talk about the four words “dependence and emptiness”.

First, "original origin". What is destiny?

"Correction" arises because of "conditions"; simply put, it means that after all the conditions (internal and external) are collected, they are set up and they start to run. So "new" things emerge. What are the conditions? Also divided into internal and external?

Then, we have to clarify another word: cause and condition. "Cause" and "Fate" are actually two different words.

What does "cause" mean? It refers to the internal law of the movement of things and the internal law of things.

What is "fate"? It refers to the external conditions required for the movement of things.

combined is called cause and condition. The first word "cause origin" and the second word "cause and condition" are different.

"Correction" means that when all the conditions required for the development of things are sufficient, things can happen.

"Cause and condition" refers to two things: "cause" and "condition".

We have to continue to clarify the third word: cause and effect. Also called cause and effect.

What is the relationship between "cause and effect" and "cause and effect"? What's the difference between them?

We want to prove a thing, using the logical relationship of "because... so...". And "cause and condition" is the "two causes", that is, because of external conditions and internal conditions; and this "cause and effect" is the "so". The so-called "cause and effect" actually lacks a word. If you add the word "responsive" - ​​cause and effect, you will immediately realize it. The "result" produced by the synergistic effect of "cause" and "responsiveness" is cause and effect. In other words, the "effect" produced by the coordinated internal and external conditions is called "cause and effect".

often talks about "karma and effect", "law of cause and effect", and "cause and effect are not false", that is, as long as the "conditions" are all in place, things will inevitably produce "results". However, secular values ​​usually need to distinguish between good results and bad results; therefore, in order to obtain good results, you need to sow good causes.

"Put the green seedlings all over the field", planting green seedlings with your own hands will inevitably harvest food in the future, and it also means planting good causes.

Next is the word "nature" of "dependent origination and emptiness"; Buddhism believes that all sentient beings have their own attributes, and there are their own "root nature", that is, their own nature; therefore, there are huge differences between people and human nature, which is the fundamental reason why birds of a feather flock together and things are divided into groups.

However, it is also classified by "birds of a feather flock together". No matter how different the personalities are, in summary, all human behaviors, pursuit of love and desire, thinking and thinking, are highly separated from appearances, and in the end, there are only two major categories, namely "appetite" and "sexual desire". All disputes, suffering, inseparable love, and inability to seek, all come from these two fundamental desires.

Then, the six senses are impure, the worries are constant, the pain is endless, and the constraints are bound to be liberated. Therefore, " is the six senses of purifying to be the way" .

What is the "Tao"?

Breaking "love and desire" and "appetite", awakening "Buddha nature", and attaining liberation is the way.

Buddhism often says that sentient beings are equal, so where is equal? What can be equal?

The "Mahaprajnaparin Sutra" says, "Nirvana is immortal, the Buddha has the true self, and all sentient beings have Buddha nature", that is, all sentient beings can become Buddhas. This is the origin of the "Buddha Nature Theory".

Therefore, no matter how different the "roots" of human beings are, they all share a fundamental "nature" - Buddha nature, that is, the "roots" of becoming a Buddha. However, some people have the opportunity to suddenly realize and become Buddhas, while some people are confused and confused throughout their lives.

Next, the word "emptiness" in "dependence and emptiness" is mentioned. From the above "Buddha nature", Buddhism infers that even if humans have very different "root nature", their essence is false and unreal. Only "Buddha nature" is the only, unchanging, and ever-present truth and essence. Then we draw the theory of "empty".

"Empty", what does not accept is your own opinions, what you see, what you think, and your paranoia; what admits is the only, eternal, and everlasting Dharma-Buddha nature. He admits that people are empty and the law has.

Therefore, "dependence and emptiness" means the development and result of things. The basis on which they rely is illusory and unreal, and supporting all this is actually the "Buddha nature" behind it. For example, before a man and a woman get married, they may be separated from each other and do not know each other. The reason why they can unite and have children is that they are in harmony. One day, the hero will grow old, and his beauty will be dry until it becomes a piece of yellow earth. At that time, all the causes and conditions were separated again. Cao Xueqin is well written: It’s so clean that the earth is so white.

This is called "emptiness", with an extremely pessimistic color.

So, what causes the "harmony of causes and conditions"?

From the perspective of human individuals, love, values, what I think, and what you think, suddenly at a certain moment and a certain place, the turtle-bean mung beans fell in love with each other, so they were in love with each other. Perhaps it was because the matchmaker made a bridge, and the economic considerations between the two families were relatively balanced and the family was aligned. So they chose auspicious day and good times. When fate gathered, marriage was born in harmony.

From the perspective of human beings as a whole, and even from all biological species, this is everything dominated by the natural will, which dominates the movement and flow of the universe, endlessly rebirth.

The natural will is subdivided into "will to survive" and "reproductive will".

For example, why do people get married and have children? Why are people so curious about the world before adolescence and have a desire for knowledge? Be restless as soon as you reach puberty? Once hormones soar, they seem to be unable to control themselves? Because "reproductive will" dominates all this, it ensures the continuation of species. Although individuals disappear, the ethnic group is immortal and endless.

Why is evolving in biological ? It is to survive better, protect your own ethnic group, protect your species, and better obtain food to fight death. This is the dominance of the "will to survive".

Buddhism is an atheistic religion. "Empty nature" means that everything in the world is in motion and change, and only "Buddha nature" lasts forever, so it recognizes "human emptiness and Dharma existence".

or above all belong to the philosophical system of the Sarvastiva, or the scope of Hinayana Buddhism.

However, in Mahayana Buddhism, India has the "Empty View" represented by Nagarjuna Bodhisattva , while China has developed the "Empty Philosophy" with local characteristics with Kumarajiva .

Buddhism emphasizes , one Dharma, , all dharmas. Mahayana philosophy believes that since "people are empty", then "dharma" is also empty; your Hinayana philosophy actually recognizes an existence-"dharma". It means that you are not completely empty. Since you are not completely empty, it is purely not empty. Therefore, Mahayana philosophy and Hinayana philosophy part ways in terms of meaning.

Buddhist Mahayana philosophy believes that the four elements are empty, that is, the four elements of earth, water, fire and wind are empty. Since the four elements are empty, then all dharmas are empty; that is, everything does not exist, everything in the world is mirror flowers, water and moon, like lightning and dew; finally, it developed to the point where even Maitreya Pure Land Pure Land is empty, and even " Law of Cause and Effect " does not recognize it.

Simply put, doubt everything.

or above is the understanding and view of "emptiness" in internal schools of Buddhism.

Hinayana believes that "people are empty and dharmas have", while Mahayana believes that "all dharmas are empty".

Therefore, in Mahayana philosophy, "dependence and emptiness" means true "emptiness", that is, the basis of the generation and dependent origination of things is based on "non-nothingness". People should not be obsessed with what they see, think and feel in the world.

In fact, contemporary Buddhist research points out that, at the beginning of my article, no matter Hinayana or Mahayana, there is no distinction between good and bad. It is just to answer "Who am I?" and "Where am I from", and then point out a methodology for "Where am I going".

But from a philosophical perspective, Mahayana philosophy points out that "everything in the world is a false example", which is very philosophical, that is, the idea of ​​"the boundary of language" that Wittgenstein believes in breaking all noun concepts, and then we no longer be paranoid about our own subjective opinions, but let go of all stubbornness and all thoughts, focusing on getting close to the essence of things, and not being in a position to transcend the observer on both sides. The conclusions obtained by

will not be affected by prejudice.

However, Buddhism is a religion after all. If nothing exists, it will cause a destructive blow to the basic principles of Buddhism. First of all, where are the gods and Buddhas? What is the meaning of burning incense and worshiping Buddha in daily life?

involves the issue of religion theology . I won't discuss in depth here.

just wants to clarify again why contemporary religious research should be divided into four major frameworks: "history", "literature", "philosophy" and "theology".

Finally, regarding "dependence and emptiness of dependent origination",

Hinayana believes that "human emptiness and law exist", and believes that the basis for the development and emergence of things is false from time to time, and only "Buddha nature" lasts forever.

Mahayana believes that "all things are empty" and nothing exists. The things we see originate from "nothingness".

We don’t need to worry about who is right and which one is the final explanation. Whoever you think is useful to you, use that.

Buddha says, "There are 84,000 Dharma doors for liberation ". Finding what belongs to you and what suits you is the right way.