What exactly does Dali Temple do?

Dali Temple is a very familiar name for many people. It can be easily seen both in film and television dramas or in novels. When encountering major and important cases in costume dramas, people usually say "hand over to Dali Temple for trial." Why is Dali Temple not a temple? What does it do? Few people can make it clear.

• The difference between a temple and a temple

Why does Dali Temple end with a temple? Doesn't the temple refer to the place where monks practice? Today, most of the words temple and temple are used together, no one cares about the difference between temple and temple anymore. But in ancient China, these two refer to two completely different things.

Temple was first seen in in the Western Zhou Dynasty inscriptions. " Speaking Text " once recorded temples, courts, and those who had dharma. Temple is the collective name of ancient government offices. It is the place where ancient officials hold office. For example, Dali Temple, Honghu Temple , Guanglu Temple , Taichang Temple and so on. In Sanskrit , the "temple" is called "Sangha Lan", which means "the garden where the monks live". After the Sui and Tang dynasties , temples became less and less official, and gradually became the term Chinese Buddhism architecture.

Where the palace is located,They are all called temples. —— "Han Shu·Yuan Di Ji"

The temple was originally a place dedicated to ancestors, so we often say ancestral temples, and the temple where the emperor pays tribute to his ancestors is called Taimiao, and ordinary people often use ancestral temples instead. After the emperor's death, there will be a temple name. According to the " Weishu" record, "the emperor collapsed in the west palace...the emperor was called the Ming and Yuan emperor, and was buried in the cloud Jinling. The temple was called Taizong."

Temples and altars, ghosts also sacrifice to ancestors. ——"Guangya"

• What is "Dali"

The word "Dali" of "Dali Temple" is the highest official in charge of justice in ancient times. It was first established in Xia Dynasty . The "Book of Rites·Mingtangwei" records: "Hundreds of officials in Xiahou", among these officials is the judicial officer "Dali". " Book of Rites·Monthly Order " records that Xia has "Dali" and is in charge of the trial.

Dali two stars, in the palace gate, the main punishment and prison affairs are also. —— " Ganshi Star Sutra"

• Dali Temple’s past and present life is equivalent to a “span3span _strong15_strong _span_ul2 p1 _ul2 p1 _span_ul2 p1 _ul16li16. The central administration, Nine Temples and Five Superintendents is one of the "temples", with the official name of Dali Temple Qing , which ranks among the nine princes. Mainly cooperate with the Ministry of Criminal Affairs and 御史台 to handle criminal cases and supervise and restrict each other's power.

  Dali Temple was called Tingwei in the Qin and Han dynasties. changed Tingwei to Dali in the Western Han Dynasty Emperor Jing. There was a tendency to set up the Dali Temple. In the Northern Qi Dynasty, Dali Temple was formally established. This institution was established in all dynasties after the Sui and Tang dynasties. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was also called the "Three Divisions of Laws" with the Ministry of Criminal Affairs, Duchayuan. As one of the "three divisions", Dali Temple gradually lost power after in the middle of Ming Dynasty, and its law enforcement rights were gradually lost to the other two. Division of the division, the only function of the weekdays is to review the case files. In the 32nd year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, it was changed to Dali Yuan due to the New Deal. And followed to the early Republic of China. In the middle of the Republic of China, it was renamed the Supreme Court, and Dali Yuan is currently the name of the Supreme Court of Thailand.

  

  The Dali Academy in the Republic of China

  Tang Xuanzong The official revision conference " Tang Liudian" Volume 18 "Dali Qing Hongyouqing" is the institution "Dali Temple" The prototype dates back to the legendary Five Emperors period.

  
  

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  "The Six Scriptures of the Tang Dynasty·Dali Temple" records: "The position of the Qing dynasty of Dali, , the state . The punishment is detailed, the situation is heard by five, one is angry, and two It is said to listen to sex, the third is audio-visual, the fourth is sound listening, and the fifth is word listening. Three considerations are used, one is clear and cautious, the second is suspicion of prison, the second is mourning, the third is justice, and the third is justice. Prison. All the criminals sent by the Baisi, from crime to death, all went to the Criminal Ministry, and were covered by Zhongshu and under the door."

  
  

  The highest official of the Dali Temple in the Tang Dynasty was called Dali Temple Qing.In charge of all affairs of Dali Temple, from the third grade. There are 2 Shaoqings under the Dali Temple Qing, namely deputy chiefs, from the fourth rank. There are six people in Dali Cheng, whose main responsibility is to judge. From the sixth rank, they are responsible for the judgment of temple affairs and the severity of punishment. Two people in Dali, from the fifth rank, are responsible for reviewing the trial of Dalicheng , and to participate in the severity of the punishment in accordance with the Criminal Law Section.

  In addition, there are some specific executives, such as the master book, who is in charge of the seal of Dali Temple, and all officials who commit crimes and exemptions are registered. Prisoner, responsible for the history of the prison and the management of prisoners. Dali Sizhi, from the sixth grade, is mainly responsible for sending envoys to prison and imprisonment, as well as participating in some difficult cases in Dali Temple.

  
  

  Ming Dynasty was established, Zhu Yuanzhang once again established Dali Temple, and the powers of the previous Dali Temple and the Criminal Ministry were lost one by one: the Criminal Ministry was responsible for trial, and Dali Temple was responsible for review and supervision. In addition, Dali Siqing's grade has also risen to third grade. The Trial of the Three Laws Division was also resumed, but the members became the Ministry of Criminal Justice, the Metropolitan Procuratorate, and the Dali Temple.

  

  Duchayuan, the office of the Imperial History

  According to the ancients, it is said that the prisoner is a scholar, and it is a reason. The meaning of Dali is the prison of heavenly officials and nobles, so those who can be censored by the Dali Temple and imprisoned in the prison are definitely not ordinary officials. However, the cases to be handled by the Dali Temple must be reported to the Ministry of Criminal Affairs for review.

  When encountering major cases, it is customary for the three divisions to conduct trials. The three divisions refer to the Dali Temple, the Ministry of Criminal Affairs, and the Metropolitan Procuratorate. Although the final decision is in the hands of the Criminal Ministry, if Dali Temple disagrees, it must be reported to the emperor and the emperor himself will decide.

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