Everyone says that if you have anemia during pregnancy, it must be ischemia. Just eat some food that "replenishes blood". Is this really the case? In fact, anemia also depends on the symptoms and type. Not all anemia can be solved simply by "food supplement".
1. Is there any harm in pregnant women with anemia?
① For expectant mothers: will first reduce the resistance of pregnant women, increase the risk of diseases such as pregnancy infection, hypertension, postpartum depression, even affect the safety of pregnant women during childbirth, and reduce the tolerance of pregnant women to surgery and anesthesia.
② For fetal babies: Expectant mothers with severe anemia will also be significantly limited in the growth and development of the fetus. premature rupture of the fetal membrane, , fetal hypoxia, stillbirth, premature birth, neonatal asphyxia , neonatal ischemic hypoxic encephalopathy, and the sequelae of these diseases will almost affect the child's life.
Warm reminder: A mother said that having mild anemia during pregnancy does not affect pregnancy delivery and the health of the child. Indeed, it’s fine if you follow the doctor’s advice slightly. Expected mothers must not scare themselves, but those with severe anemia should not be careless.
2. Which types of pregnant mothers are more likely to have anemia?
1. Expectant mothers with large menstrual flow before pregnancy;
2. Those with bad eating habits such as picky eating and partial eating;
3. Pregnant mothers who get pregnant again or have more than one child in a short period of time;
4. Expectant mothers with severe morning sickness are more likely to be anemia than ordinary pregnant women and have a higher degree of anemia.
3. There are three common anemia during pregnancy. Pregnant mothers need to know:
(1) Iron deficiency anemia
This is a common type of anemia in pregnant women, with an incidence rate of up to 40%! Iron is mainly stored in Hb in circulating red blood cells, accounting for 2/3 of the total iron content in the body. The other 1/3 is mostly found in the form of plasma ferritin and hemosiderin .
The human body's daily iron needs should be sufficient to compensate for the body's loss and can meet the needs of the body's growth, especially during pregnancy. Under normal circumstances, the human body's dietary iron absorption rate is about 15%. As the pregnancy progresses, the demand for iron increases, and iron absorption increases.
- The main reasons for IDA in pregnant women during pregnancy are:
① Early pregnancy reactions during pregnancy such as nausea, vomiting, or food selection, anorexia, etc., which affect iron intake. During pregnancy, gastrointestinal motility weakens, and gastric acid deficiency affects iron absorption. If the mother does not have an appropriate iron reserve, iron deficiency anemia is prone to occur.
② The increase in blood volume during pregnancy is disproportionately with the increase in plasma and erythrocytes . The plasma increased by an average of 40% to 45%, and the production of erythrocytes increased by 18% to 25%. The blood was relatively diluted and physiological anemia occurred.
③Normal young women store about 300 mg of iron in their bodies, while the total demand for the entire pregnancy is about 1,000 mg, of which 500 mg is used for the increase of blood during pregnancy, 300 mg is actively transported to the fetus and placenta, and 200 mg is lost through normal channels.
Therefore, if the iron intake during pregnancy is not increased, even pregnant women with normal iron reserves may develop iron deficiency anemia.
④ The iron supply of pregnant women to the fetus is with a reverse concentration gradient and actively transports , so even if IDA occurs, it will not stop supplying iron to the fetus.
Daily prevention can enhance nutrition, pay attention to balanced nutrition, eat more foods rich in iron and have a physical examination during pregnancy, and can also be combined with oral iron agents to treat iron deficiency anemia, which has a faster effect, such as taking Huatai Xiesheng Dextran iron dispersed tablets.
Compared with conventional iron supplements such as ferrous sulfate , oral administration of iron dextran is not easy to stimulate the gastrointestinal mucosa of the patient. It mainly accumulates in the liver, kidney, spleen and other important organs in the form of hemosiderin, which is conducive to maintaining the normal operation of other important organs and maintaining the body's endocrine stability while correcting the symptoms of anemia.
and the taste of this agent does not have a rust smell, which makes it easier for pregnant mothers to accept. Dispersible tablets are easy to carry. They can be swallowed directly or can be dissolved in water in 5 seconds, making it more convenient to take.
(2) megaly erythrocyte anemia
It is the second only to iron deficiency anemia. It is a group of anemia caused by folic acid and vitamin B12 deficiency, causing DNA synthesis disorders, 95% of which are caused by folic acid deficiency.
Normal non-pregnant women need 50-100μg/d per day, and the recommended amount of folic acid during pregnancy is 400-800μg/d. When the demand for folic acid is significantly increased, such as multiple pregnancy or hemolytic anemia or sickle-shaped red blood cell disease, folic acid supplementation needs to be increased. Treatment of MA caused by folic acid deficiency should include supplementation of folic acid, nutritional diet and iron . Taking at least 1 mg of folic acid per day can produce significant blood changes.
(3) Thalassemia
Thalassemia, that is, globin production disorder anemia, is a group of genetic diseases with similar properties. Thalassemia during pregnancy is mostly mild patients with β-globin-producing anemia, and has no effect on pregnancy. For intermediate and severe thalassemia, blood transfusion and iron removal treatment are still one of the important treatment methods.
Thalassemia is different from iron deficiency anemia. Iron supplementation cannot be done at will to avoid iron deposition or other damage. If pregnant women with thalassemia develop iron deficiency or iron deficiency anemia, they need to supplement iron according to the doctor's requirements.
Conclusion:
Pregnancy is a special physiological period for women. The increase in blood volume during pregnancy is disproportionately associated with the increase in plasma and red blood cells, and the increase in demand for iron, folic acid and vitamin B12 leads to high incidence of nutritional anemia.
especially iron deficiency anemia. Preventive iron supplementation can increase iron reserves and reduce the occurrence of IDA. For thalassemia, although the proportion of anemia during pregnancy is not large, the mortality rate of severe thalassemia is high and must be taken seriously. In particular, prenatal genetic diagnosis , preventing the birth of severe and high-risk children of this disease, is currently an effective method to prevent this disease.
Reference materials:
[1] Zhang Fan, Wang Zhiping. Application effect of dextran iron dispersed tablets for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy [J]. China Contemporary Medicine, 2021, 28(27): 140-142+146.
[2] Tang Yuping, Ying Hao. Anemia during pregnancy and its standardized management [J]. Chinese Journal of Practical Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2014, 30(06): 431-434.
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