Diabetes is often referred to as "the disease of wealth". Improper diet or eating too well can often induce diabetes. In recent years, with the increase in small fat children, children with type 2 diabetes have shown an increasing trend, and it is urgent to strengthen prevention and treatment. Experts say that nutritional therapy is of great significance as one of the comprehensive prevention and treatment methods for diabetes.
Too fat or too thin may cause malnutrition.
Although some parents have realized that obesity can cause many related problems, such as precocious puberty, high blood pressure, and even diabetes, they still can’t help their diets with "braised fried stew" and "snack drink milk tea". , Changing the pattern to feed and feed.
“Most obese children’s diets often contain too much high-fat, high-energy animal food, especially high saturated fat and refined carbohydrates. At the same time, they are faced with dietary fiber and vitamins. The problem of insufficient mineral intake is what we call “hidden hunger under affluence.” Zhang Pianhong, deputy director of the Diabetes Nutrition Branch of the Chinese Nutrition Society and director of the Clinical Nutrition Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine A reporter from Consumer News said that most children often have excess energy due to premature feeding of solid foods, overfeeding, and overprotection, and the lack of energy-producing micronutrients may be insufficient.
"Huh? Children who are obese or malnourished?" Many parents thought that their children would eat "white fat" to enhance disease resistance, but they ignored the potential risk of obesity.
Ge Sheng, chairman of the Diabetes Nutrition Branch of the Chinese Nutrition Society and director of the Clinical Nutrition Department of the Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, told the reporter of China Consumer News that in a broad sense, malnutrition includes undernutrition and overnutrition, energy and various Insufficient nutrient intake, malabsorption or excessive loss of nutrients, etc., will all lead to undernutrition. Overnutrition caused by overeating or excessive intake of energy nutrients is also classified as malnutrition. Compared with Xiaopang Dun'er, some children have a partial eclipse, picky eaters, and have no appetite. In the long run, they will have symptoms such as weight loss, short stature, dry hair easily, weakness, weakness, and malaise. Some parents of children with type 1 diabetes have doubts: Is the child's lack of nutrition, which causes the decrease in immunity, which induces diabetes?
"Generally speaking, malnutrition does not cause type 1 diabetes, whether it is adults or adolescents." Ma Xianghua, member of the Diabetes Nutrition Branch of the Chinese Nutrition Society and director of the Clinical Nutrition Department of Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital, told a reporter from China Consumer News.
Ma Xianghua said that type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease with acute clinical manifestations. Its pathogenesis is mainly due to the selective destruction of β cells caused by the interaction of genetics, environment and autoimmunity. It is characterized by high β cell failure and subsequent Insulin resistance.
How to eat to maintain health
Whether protein energy malnutrition or micronutrient malnutrition may impair the normal function of the body, leading to related diseases. How can babies eat to be healthy and not sick?
Liu Xiaojun, director of the Department of Clinical Nutrition, Longhua District People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, told a reporter from China Consumer News that children’s scientific diet should follow the "Dietary Guidelines for Preschool Children" and "Dietary Guidelines for School-age Children" formulated by the Chinese Nutrition Society and be reasonable Diet, healthy growth.
Eat regularly and cultivate good eating habits. Pre-school children should arrange 3 meals and 2 extra meals every day in the morning, noon and evening. School-age children should have relatively fixed meals a day. Eat breakfast every day and have adequate nutrition. Lunch and dinner should be nutritionally balanced and appropriate, and eat less. Eat a light diet, not too salty, greasy and spicy. Eat less fast food that contains high energy, high fat or high sugar. Regular consumption of these foods can increase the risk of chronic diseases such as overweight and obesity.
Choose snacks reasonably, drink milk every day, drink plenty of water, and avoid sugary drinks. snacks should choose foods with high nutrient density, such as dairy products, fruits, eggs, and nuts, and should not choose foods with high energy density, such as fried foods and puffed foods. Milk and milk products are rich in calcium and have a high absorption rate. They are the best source of calcium for children. Drinking 300 ml of milk or an equivalent amount of milk products every day can ensure that children's calcium intake reaches an appropriate level, which is beneficial to bone health. Drink plenty of water, preferably boiled water, no or less sugary drinks. Consuming large amounts of sugar-sweetened beverages often increases the risk of dental caries and overweight and obesity.
is not partial to diet, not overeating, and maintains suitable weight gain. Children's partial eclipse, picky eater and excessiveDieting affects the intake of nutrients and is prone to malnutrition. Binge eating will consume too much food in a short period of time, increase the burden of the digestive system and the risk of overweight and obesity. It not only affects the health of children, but also prolongs into adulthood and increases the risk of chronic diseases.
Frequent outdoor activities to ensure healthy growth. should be active for more than 1 hour a day, minimize sedentary movement and screen time, and carry out diversified physical activities. Increasing outdoor activities can effectively slow down the occurrence and development of myopia. Adequate, regular and diverse physical activities can strengthen bones and muscles, improve cardiorespiratory function, and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.
"Sugar Bao" eats nutrition and sugar control like this
"You can't eat snacks, even sweets. What can you eat, and what can't you eat?" Many parents worry about the difficulty of eating for "Sugar Bao" (children with diabetes).
Yang Qinbing, director of the Clinical Nutrition Department of Beijing Tsinghua Chang Gung Memorial Hospital affiliated to Tsinghua University, told a reporter from China Consumer News that children with diabetes should first develop the habit of regular and quantitative meals to avoid excessive hunger and overeating, and it is best to divide meals appropriately. Second, attention should be paid to the choice and collocation of food. Z1z
should not consume too much staple food, and the energy provided should account for about half of the whole day needs. The staple food of should be rich in sources, which is conducive to the complementary effects of blood sugar control and nutrients. Take care to avoid the intake of sugars such as candies and white sugar.
recommends that every meal has one or two vegetables, mainly leafy vegetables. vegetables are the main source of vitamins, minerals, especially dietary fiber, and are also conducive to blood sugar control. Eat some vegetables and meat first when eating, and then eat the staple food, which is more conducive to stable blood sugar.
Ensure daily high-quality protein intake, such as meat, eggs, milk and soy products, but avoid excessive intake of fatty meat and visceral foods . recommends eating fish 2 to 4 times a week, especially deep-sea fish. As a rich source of calcium, milk is recommended to be consumed daily. Soy products can also provide high-quality protein for the human body, and soy milk can be used as a food choice for snacks.
Do not eat too much fruit at once. For children with poor blood sugar control, fruit and fat intake should be controlled. A small amount of fruit with lower sugar content should be selected as a split meal, but it should be more than two hours apart from the main meal. It is better to use light and less oil, and avoid deep-frying and excessive nut foods.
Yang Qinbing reminds parents that children with type 1 diabetes should start nutritional treatment as soon as possible and follow up regularly (at least annually); medical staff should provide children and family members with training and guidance appropriate to their age, including food choices, cooking methods, eating habits, Exercise methods, etc.; family participation is an important part of optimizing diabetes management throughout childhood and adolescence.
How to care for children with diabetes daily?
Attending physician Ye Xue from the Department of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of the Capital Institute of Pediatrics, said that the treatment of children’s diabetes needs to be integrated. Five aspects of diet, exercise, medication, monitoring and diabetes education are in the daily care of children. Indispensable.
First of all, pay attention to nutrition in diet, control total calories, and ensure normal growth and development of children.
Secondly, exercise can improve the sensitivity of surrounding tissues to insulin, reduce blood sugar, blood lipids and blood viscosity, enhance physical fitness, improve heart and lung functions, and help prevent and control chronic complications of diabetes. Exercise should follow the principle of appropriate amount, regularity, and individualization to prevent hypoglycemia after exercise. More appropriate is moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, such as jogging, brisk walking, cycling, swimming, etc. It should be noted that when insulin is insufficient and blood sugar rises, exercise may further increase blood sugar and induce ketoacidosis. Therefore, you cannot move when urine ketones are positive, and you cannot exercise when you have low blood sugar.
Third, medical treatment should be carried out strictly in accordance with the doctor's advice. Generally, in clinical practice, the medication for type 1 diabetes is insulin. You can choose multiple subcutaneous injections a day or choose an insulin pump. Indications for insulin include type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes that requires short-term intensive blood sugar control, and oral lowering. Children with non-type 1 diabetes who are treated with sugar medicine or have liver and kidney damage. For type 2 diabetes patients over 10 years old, metformin treatment can be selected when blood sugar is stable and liver enzymes are normal.
Fourth, in terms of daily monitoring, measure blood sugar 3-4 times a day (including before breakfast) when blood sugar is stable, and 8 times a day on weekends to adjust insulin dosage. In addition, the following conditions also require additional blood glucose measurement: when symptoms of hypoglycemia or hypoglycemia are suspected, severeBefore and after intense exercise, when trying a new diet or not eating regularly, suddenly emotionally agitated, when suffering from other acute diseases, such as infection, vomiting, diarrhea, etc. Diabetes monitoring also includes checking glycosylated hemoglobin, liver and kidney function, insulin C-peptide once every 3 months, and long-term complications monitoring once a year, including fundus, kidney damage indicators, evoked potentials, etc.
Fifth, in diabetes education, parents and children need to learn diabetes-related knowledge and master the methods of dealing with hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. The more you learn about diabetes, the more stable your child's blood sugar control will be.
Produced by the New Media Editorial Department of China Consumer News
Source/China Consumer News·China Consumer Net
reporter/Pang Jianxin
editor/Sun Yanying
producer/He Yongpeng Tian Zhenxiang
