Why do couples with normal phenotypes give birth to children with birth defects?
Congenital defects are caused by abnormalities in the development process of the fetus before birth. The fetus develops from the gametes formation stage of the parents to the fertilized egg, and then develops into a complete individual. Any abnormality in any link may lead to birth defects. The parents of
have normal phenotypes. It is possible that both parents are carriers of recessive gene mutations, and 1/4 are likely to give birth to children with congenital defects; the parents of have no mutations themselves and have normal phenotypes. The father or mother (or both parents) are in their gametes. During the formation process, due to the action of certain physical and chemical factors, gametes with new mutations are formed, and fertilized eggs carrying mutations are formed, which may also give birth to children with congenital defects; In addition, if the mother is exposed to drugs or radiation damage during pregnancy etc., can also lead to abnormalities in the development of each germ layer of the embryo or tissues and organs, resulting in the birth of children with birth defects.
What are the causes of birth defects?
There are many reasons for the occurrence of congenital defects, which are mainly divided into three categories:
① Genetic factors: Parents with genetic defects themselves will pass on the disease-causing genes to their children, resulting in congenital defects. occur.
② Maternal factors: is a common way to cause congenital defects. It is mainly due to the mother suffering from infectious diseases during pregnancy. The pathogen infects the baby through the placenta , causing fetal dysplasia and deformity, or causing miscarriage and stillbirth. In addition, the mother taking drugs during pregnancy, malnutrition, trauma, etc. can lead to abnormal fetal development.
③ Environmental factors: rays, noise and other physical factors; chemical pollution, food pollution causing teratogenesis, toxic substances such as lead and lead contained in cosmetics, these substances can penetrate the blood-fetal barrier after being absorbed by the skin and mucous membranes of pregnant women. , enters the fetal blood circulation and affects the normal development of the fetus. In addition, bad habits such as smoking and drinking may also cause birth defects.
How high is the incidence of birth defects?
my country is a country with a large population and a high incidence of birth defects. According to statistics from the "China Birth Defects Prevention and Control Report (2012)" released by the former Ministry of Health in September 2012, the current incidence of birth defects in my country is about 5.6%, and there are about 900,000 new birth defects every year (now significantly higher) , Among them, there are about 250,000 cases of clinically obvious birth defects at birth. According to estimates from the World Health Organization, environmental factors account for about 10% of birth defects, genetic factors account for about 25%, and interactions between environmental factors and genetic factors and unexplained causes account for about 65%.
This article is from The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Reproductive Medicine Center Posted by Zhou Bo, a graduate student, , reprinted and compiled in "436 Questions on Genetic Disease Knowledge", instructor - Deputy Chief Physician of the Reproductive Center Jiang Ping . Thanks!
Zhou Bo: Postgraduate student at the Reproductive Medicine Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Research direction: Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of reproductive disorders and andrological diseases.
Reproductive Medicine Center of Anhui Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Special Area for Reproductive and Male Diseases)Specialized Diagnosis and Treatment:
Specialized Diagnosis and Treatment of Oligoasthenozoospermia:The department has a "Specialized Clinic for Oligoasthenozoospermia", which adopts "Full Cause Screening-Chinese and Western Medicines" Antioxidant spermatogenesis - acupuncture "and other five-step therapies to treat severe oligospermia and weak sperm, combined with "sperm activation technology", effectively improve the success rate of natural conception and artificial insemination ; integrated special diagnosis and treatment of premature ejaculation: Chinese and Western medicine combined with acupuncture and sperm control therapy can effectively control the time of sexual life. ; Comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction: focuses on physical conditioning, mainly traditional Chinese medicine, with Western medicine as an impact, treating both symptoms and root causes ; Special diagnosis and treatment of prostate: focuses on overall pelvic conditioning, highlighting the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine; Fetal abortion Special diagnosis and treatment of traditional Chinese and Western medicine: Carry out comprehensive cause screening of fetal termination, and implement intervention treatment with traditional Chinese medicine for various reasons..
Anhui Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Official appointment WeChat ID - "Anhui Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine".
