The Regional Public Goods Initiative (RPGI) supports countries in Latin America and the Caribbean and has provided US$73 million finance for the provision of public goods across the region.
RPGI支持拉丁美洲以及加勒比海區域的國家並且給予了7300萬美金的財政支持以幫助跨區月的公共貨物。
請閱讀下面的文獻並回答下面幾個關於公共貨物的選項哪個是對的？
(Source： adapted from http-yAvww.iadb.org/en/topics/regional-integratiori/ what-is-the-regional-puWic-goods-program,2803.html)
A The private sector is able to exclude people from consuming public goods
B They may be under provided by the private sector
C There is rivalry in the consumption of public goods
D They are only available to some consumers
(a) Answer
(b) Explanation
請選擇答案，並解釋。
來源：2015年1月Edexcel考試局 I A-Level 階段Economics考試 Unit 1
參考答案：B
Explanation:
Definition of public goods: non-rivalrousand non-excludable. Non-rivalrous means that consumers are not in competition regarding consuming the good; non-excludable means that producers can not effectively exclude the non-payers from receiving the good.
Examples of public goods include street-lighting,national defence, etc.
A:the private sector can exclude the non-payers from receiving the good as the price act as a signal of resource allocation
B:due to the non-excludable nature of public goods, suppliers have no incentive to produce them as they are unable to extract profits from public goods due to free riding. Hence public goods are usually under-provided by the private sector suppliers
C:public good consumption is non-rivalrous
D:if public goods are only available to some consumers, this suggests exclud ability
解題思路
做選擇題時最好的辦法就是使用排除法。
對於這種類型的題目考生應該注意這樣的語句，這些語句或許是在談論公共商品的特點。清除錯誤選擇最快速方法將是查看所有關於私人貨品的描述。
不要忘記，您始終應該通過問題中給出的關鍵詞的定義開始作答。
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