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今天小編為您帶來「俊學（11）:粗讀《Unit 6 Writing the Abstract, Unit 7 Writing the Title》」
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"Jun Xue(11)：skimming《Unit 6 Writing the Abstract, Unit 7 Writing the Title》 "
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一、思維導圖（Mind Mapping）
二、內容概述（content summary）
首先是第六單元的第一小節，這一小節主要介紹了摘要的編寫指南。作者先是介紹了提高摘要明確性和一致性的方法，比如明確標註個人貢獻，避免使用引發歧義的表述，使用統一術語保持句子長度短等方法。
Firstly, in Section 1 of Unit 6, the primary focus is on providing guidelines for writing abstracts. The author begins by introducing methods to enhance the clarity and consistency of abstracts, such as clearly indicating personal contributions, avoiding ambiguous expressions, and maintaining short sentence lengths with consistent terminology.
除此之外，作者還闡述了撰寫摘要的篇幅，大多數摘要的字數在80-250字之間，且通常以單段落形式呈現；撰寫摘要的時間及原因，以及撰寫摘要時應該使用的語言，並在小節末尾處進行了摘要的示例。
Furthermore, the author elaborates on the appropriate length for an abstract, noting that most abstracts range from 80 to 250 words and are typically presented in a single paragraph. The author also discusses the timing and reasons for writing an abstract, as well as the language that should be employed in its composition. The section concludes with an illustrative example of an abstract.
第二小節主要介紹了摘要的四種類型，簡單/標準摘要；結構化摘要；與重要性聲明或重點列表一起存在的摘要；圖形摘要。並且在下文中列舉了每一種摘要的示例，具有一定的學習價值。
Section 2 mainly introduces four types of abstracts: simple/standard abstracts; structured abstracts; abstracts accompanied by statements of significance or highlights lists; and graphical abstracts. Subsequently, examples of each type of abstract are provided, offering significant educational value.
第三節主要講解了摘要模型。作者先是提供了一個通用的摘要模型。
Section 3 focuses on explaining abstract models. The author initially presents a general abstract model.
接著，對模型應該包含的組件進行了介紹。比如組件應該使用的動詞時態，陳述主題重要性或者提供背景信息的時機，提供關於方法和結果的數量，在字數限制的情況下如何讓摘要流暢等。
Subsequently, the components that should be included in the model are introduced, such asthe verb tenses to be used for each component, the appropriate timing for stating the importance of the topic or providing background information, the quantity of information on methods and results to be included, and strategies for maintaining fluency within word count constraints.
第四節主要介紹了撰寫摘要時可能會用上的詞句。包括以下幾個方面的詞句：主題的重要性和基本事實背景，挑戰/問題，研究的作用，方法或材料，成果以及價值貢獻等方面的詞句，並在每個方面的後面都提供了示例。
Section 4 introduces words and phrases that may be useful when writing abstracts, covering several aspects: the importance of the topic and basic factual background, challenges/problems, the role of the research, methods or materials, findings, and value contributions. Examples are provided after each aspect.
第七單元第一節主要介紹了檢查標題的平均長度。平均字數能大致反映目標期刊標題的複雜程度，但平均長度本身並不能完全反映實際差異，具體數字往往取決於研究主題和類型。
In Unit 7, Section 1 primarily discusses checking the average length of titles. The average word count can roughly reflect the complexity of titles in target journals, but the average length alone does not fully capture actual variations, as specific figures often depend on the research topic and type.
第二節則主要講解了使用縮略語的相關注意事項。雖然用縮寫來縮短標題很誘人，但這個決定可不能草率。讀者可能根本不知道這些縮寫具體指什麼，他們看到標題里的縮寫可能會覺得彆扭，直接翻頁看下一篇文章。因此，在標題中是否使用縮寫詞，需要準確評估當前及未來讀者的知識水平。
Section 2 mainly explains considerations regarding the use of abbreviations. Although it may be tempting to use abbreviations to shorten titles, this decision should not be made hastily. Readers may not know what the abbreviations specifically refer to, and encountering abbreviations in a title may make them feel uncomfortable, prompting them to turn the page and read the next article. Therefore, the decision to use abbreviations in a title requires an accurate assessment of the current and future readers' knowledge levels.
第三節主要講解了將標題關鍵詞與關鍵詞列表進行對比。在某些情況下，關鍵詞列表比標題更廣泛，這表明目標讀者群可能比標題暗示的更為廣泛。關鍵詞列表的另一大實用功能在於，通過將其納入標題可有效緩解標題過載問題。
Section 3 focuses on comparing title keywords with the keyword list. In some cases, the keyword list is more extensive than the title, indicating that the target readership may be broader than what the title suggests. Another practical function of the keyword list is that incorporating it into the title can effectively alleviate the issue of title overload.
第四節主要內容是檢查標題的語法。標題中的名詞和複合名詞越多，傳達清晰信息就越困難。此外，標題中的另一個語法問題在於介詞的使用頻率，過多堆砌介詞會使標題在語法上顯得笨拙，為了盡量減少介詞產生的歧義，可以考慮用具有明確含義的辭彙替換介詞。
Section 4 mainly involves checking the grammar of titles. The more nouns and compound nouns there are in a title, the more difficult it becomes to convey clear information. Additionally, another grammatical issue in titles pertains to the frequency of preposition usage. Excessive use of prepositions can make a title grammatically awkward. To minimize ambiguity caused by prepositions, consider replacing them with words that have clear meanings.
第五節主要介紹了檢查論文是否滿足標題所暗示的期望。標題設定的預期必須在論文中得到驗證。考慮到科研成果需要快速發表，可以適當使用情態動詞來暗示研究方向或潛在貢獻。
Section 5 primarily introduces checking whether the paper fulfills the expectations implied by the title. The expectations set by the title must be validated within the paper. Considering the need for rapid publication of research findings, the appropriate use of modal verbs can be employed to suggest research directions or potential contributions.
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翻譯：文心一言
參考資料：Science Research Writing
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