武漢唯一古山茶樹花開3.8萬朵
wuhans only ancient camellia tree in full bloom
古山茶樹 the ancient camellia tree
楚天都市報極目新聞記者 陳希
攝影：楚天都市報極目新聞記者 李輝
通訊員 趙輝 楊蘊焓
翻譯：吳智麗 王濤 韓曉龍（湖北大學）
jimu news reporter: chen xi
photographer: li hui
correspondents: zhao hui, yang yunhan
translators: wu zhili, wang tao, han xiaolong(hubei university)
滿樹繁花3萬多朵，這是一棵約510歲山茶花怒放的生命。
with more than 30 thousand flowers blooming, the old camellia tree aged 510 shows its vitality in full bloom.
它是武漢唯一的山茶古樹，屬於一級保護古樹，屹立黃陂木蘭山，獨樹一幟。
this old camellia tree, which stands atop mu lan mountain in huangpi district, is the only ancient camellia tree in wuhan, and is listed as a first-class protected ancient tree for its uniqueness.
單瓣古山茶不常見
花期長達一個半月
unique unipetalous camellia withalong florescence
武漢木蘭山半山腰景區管理處旁的木蘭花苑，安居著一棵見證了500多年風雲變幻的古山茶。這棵山茶樹高8.5米，胸徑約41厘米，一人可以環抱。 近日，記者見到這棵古山茶時，一樹繁花紅似火，招蜂引蝶，還有花苞正冒出，旁邊有一片山茶林陪伴著它。
in the garden next to the scenic area administration half way up the mu lan mountain, there stands theancient camellia tree which has a history of more than 500 years. the tree is 8.5 meters high and has a diameter at breast height of about 41 centimeters, enough for it to be wrapped around by the arms of just one person. when the reporter saw this ancient camelliatree, itwas accompanied by a camellia forestand was full of red flowers. with its blossoming flowers and buds under growth, the tree attracted swams of butterflies and bees.
「它可是木蘭山的鎮山之寶。」木蘭山風景區管理處經濟發展辦公室主任吳恬介紹，一般它冬季就醞釀花苞，3月初開花，花期45天左右，一直到4月中旬，今年是3月8日初開的，估計還有10來天的花期。前幾年，景區安排人員數花朵，共計38000多朵。
「it is the most-treasured representative of mu lan mountain」, said wu tian, director of the economic development office of scenic area administration in mu lan mountain. according to the director, this ancient camellia tree usually buds in winter and blooms from early march to mid-april with a long florescence of about 45 days. this year, it bagan tobloomon march 8th, and will continuefor another 10 days . the administration has assignedstaff to tally the number of flowers each year in recent years, and it turns out that this ancient tree has had 38 thousand flowers in the past few years.
武漢市園林科學研究院高級工程師、武漢市古樹名木保護研究中心主任史紅文介紹，常見的重瓣山茶花大多是人工培育的園藝品種，此古山茶是單瓣的，是相對原始的品種，是土生土長的古山茶，「從它的葉片、花色飽滿、花開旺盛來看，它還很健旺呢。」
shi hongwen, a senior engineer of wuhan instituteof landscape architectureand the director of wuhan ancient and famous tree protection research center, introduced that majority of the common double petal camelliasare artificially cultivated horticultural varietieswhile this ancient camellia is a single-petalvarietyand relatively primitive varietywithout artificial intervention. 「judging from its leaves, deepcolor, and vigorous blooms,its safe to say thatit is still in good condition」.
煙熏取暖防結冰
盛暑澆水防乾渴
special care for the ancient camellia tree
這棵山茶古樹，平時需要什麼特別的養護？
what special care does the ancient camellia tree need?
「山茶需要大水大肥大曬。」吳恬說，這裡的土壤肥力本來就很好，無需施肥，平常也無需澆水，主要在溽暑時節，特別是久日不下雨時，每天要人工早晚各澆水一次，早上在7時以前，晚間澆水在6時以後。
「camellia treesneed ample water, fertilizer, and sunlight,」 wu tian said, 「with fertile soil, we mainly water the camellia tree in midsummer, especially during periods of drought, twice a day before 7 am and after 6 pm respectively」.
它所在的位置，在半山腰的峽谷之間，既飽覽峽谷風光，又享受充足的陽光浴。
the tree, growing halfway up the mountain between ravines, can absorb plenty of sunlight.
「最怕冬季結冰，枝葉覆冰後，容易脆斷，就像老人的血管和骨頭都很脆弱一樣。」吳恬言及應對之策：距其兩三米的位置，用乾草煙熏，提升周邊氣溫，哪怕升一點點都行，因為0℃和1℃是有很大差別的，1℃就不會結冰；有時也給它附上一層薄膜防結冰。
「it is extremely fragile when its branches and leaves freeze in winter, just like the delicate blood vessels and bones of the elderly」. wu tian further explained the solutionto be: 「as long as the temperature is higher than 0℃, the tree wont freeze. so, we raise its surrounding temperature with dry straw smoulder two or three meters away from it, sometimes with a layer of plastic film」.
身體健旺，病蟲害自然少。史紅文說，此樹沒啥蟲害，就是原來樹榦上覆著一些青苔，對樹木生長有一定影響，景區人員已刮除乾淨，同時局部腐爛處也已清創，並塗上硫酸銅溶液防腐殺菌。
shi hongwen saidowing to the trees healthy state,they hardly encountered any diseases and pests, except that the original trunk was partially covered with moss. the personnel in the scenic spot scraped the moss clean, and meanwhile the local rot was cleared and coated with a copper sulfate solution for antisepsis and sterilization.
山茶，多生長在長江以南，喜歡微酸性土壤。而武漢僅此一棵山茶古樹，它何以能獨領風騷？
camellia treesprimarily grow in slightly acidic soil in the south of the yangtze river. but what distinguishes the ancient camellia tree in wuhan?
「它所處的立地條件很好，加上保護得細緻。」史紅文分析，它喜歡微酸性土壤，它的土層厚實，其次光照也正好滿足它的需求，它是需要充足的陽光，但不能暴晒，它身處半山腰峽谷處，沒有從晨曦初露一直曬到夕陽西下，再者氣候條件適宜它的生長。
shi hongwen added, 「the ancient camellia tree has thrivedfor such a long time due to the favorable location, thick soil layer, sufficient sunlight, pleasant climate and meticulous care」.
山茶古樹全省14棵
最老一棵約1400歲
14 camellia trees in hubei provinceand a 1400-year-old one
木蘭花苑內，有300多棵或粉或紅的山茶簇擁著這棵古山茶，「這些山茶上世紀80年代就栽植了。」吳恬說。
in the garden, the ancient camellia tree is surrounded by over 300 pink or red camellias. 「these camellias were planted in the 1980s」, said wu tian.
吳恬介紹，為凸顯古山茶的主體地位，更好地保護它，景區正在建立古山茶主題園區，所以為了木蘭花苑內更好地透光透氣，將100多棵山茶移栽至花苑門口，也裝點了園區門口的景緻，同時大門旁有一高大的「九碑石」，進一步充實文化內涵。
wu tian introduced that an ancient camellia theme park is being built in the scenic spot to highlight the key position oftheancient camellia tree and better protect it. at the same time, in order to ensure sufficient sunlight and fresh air in the garden, more than 100 camellia trees were transplanted at the entrance of the garden, which also further beautified thescenery. in addition, a tall stela「jiu beishi」 next to the gate further enriches the cultural connotationsof the theme park.
史紅文特別提到，根據《武漢市古樹名木和古樹後續資源保護條例》，在古樹附近動土不能傷皮、傷干、傷根，而且動土的範圍要在樹冠外延五米開外的地方；同時建立這一主題園區，要進一步查實它的相關史料，發掘它的文化價值。
according to theregulations on the protection of ancient and famous trees and subsequent resources of ancient trees in wuhan city, shi hongwen specifically mentioned avoiding damage to the roots, trunk, and the bark of the treewhen moving the earth near the ancient tree,emphasizing the earth should be moved at a distance of five meters outside the crown of the tree. at the same time,further verificationof its related historical data and exploration of its cultural valueneeds to be carried out as thetheme parkis being established.
為紀念花木蘭，傳承「忠、孝、勇、烈」木蘭精神，它又被稱為「木蘭樹」。
to honor mulan and carry on her spirit of 「loyalty, filial piety, bravery, and manliness」, the ancient tree is also known as the 「mulan tree」.
記者從湖北省林業局了解到，山茶古樹在湖北僅14棵，樹齡最大的山茶古樹約1400多歲，深居在蘄春縣株林鎮三角山村裡。
the reporter learned from the hubei provincial forestry bureau that there are only 14 ancient camellia trees in hubei, withthe oldest one being about 1400 years old, its roots firmly establishedin sanjiaoshan village, zhulin town, qichun county.
（來源：極目新聞）
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