IPv6 has been delayed in part because of NAT (Network Address Translation), which translates private IP addresses to public IP addresses. This way, a company machine with a private IP address can send and receive packets from a machine with the public IP address that is located outside the private network .
Without NAT, large companies with thousands or tens of thousands of computers would eat up a large number of public IPv4 addresses if they wanted to communicate with the outside world. However, the IPv4 address is limited and is close to being exhausted, so that it has to be "rationed". NAT helps alleviate this problem.
With NAT, a NAT machine can present thousands of privately addressed computers to the public internet as a firewall or router. NAT intervenes when a corporate computer with a private IP address sends a packet to a public IP address outside the corporate network. NAT records the source and destination addresses of the packet in a translation table, changes the source address of the packet to the public address of the NAT device, and sends it to the external destination. When a packet responds, NAT translates the destination address to the private IP address of the computer that initiated the communication. This can be done so that one public IP address can represent multiple computers with private addresses.
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