17, milling cutter "Domestic milling cutters are under the heavy responsibility for "plastic surgery" for high-speed rail rails" (Science and Technology Daily, May 24)
With the rapid construction of high-speed rails in my country in recent years, the problem of rail maintenance has become increasingly worrying for industry experts. If maintenance is not in place, it will not only damage the life cycle of , but also have high risks. The dual-power electric drive milling and grinding maintenance robot equipment independently developed by my country - a milling and grinding turn called the rail 'amil' can "escort" the rail. However, the milling cutters, the core component of the milling turn, still need to be imported from abroad. The material of the milling cutter is a super-hard alloy material. We already know the metal components, but we just don’t know how they compare and synthesize them. It’s like thinking about the secret recipes of a certain Chinese medicine and the proportions of various medicinal materials.
18. High-end bearing steel "High-end bearing steel, the difficult to make up for the shortcomings in China's manufacturing industry" (Science and Technology Daily May 25)
As an indispensable core component in mechanical equipment, the bearing supports the mechanical rotating body, reduces its friction coefficient , and ensures its rotation accuracy. Whether it is aircraft, cars, high-speed rail, high-precision machine tools, instruments and instruments, bearings are required. This puts high requirements on its accuracy, performance, lifespan and reliability. my country's shaft making process has reached the world's top level, but the material - that is, the steel used for high-end bearings is almost completely imported.
The research and development, manufacturing and sales of high-end bearing steel are basically monopolized by the world's bearing giants Timken and Sweden SKF. In the past few years, they established bases in Yantai and Jinan, Shandong, respectively, purchased low-end materials from China, used their core technologies to make high-end bearings, and sold them to the Chinese market at ten times the price. Adding rare earth during steelmaking can make the originally high-quality steel more "stronger". But how to add it is the core secret of the world's bearing giants.
19, high-pressure plunger pump "High-pressure plunger pump, a thorn in the throat of China's equipment manufacturing industry" (Science and Technology Daily May 28)
hydraulic system is one of the key components of the equipment manufacturing industry. All engineering fields and any occasions with mechanical equipment are inseparable from hydraulic systems. High-pressure plunger pumps are the core elements of high-end hydraulic equipment and are called the "heart" of hydraulic systems.
China's hydraulic industry has become the second largest in the world in 2017, but the industry is large but not strong, especially high-pressure plunger pumps with a rated pressure of more than 35MPa, which rely more than 90% on imports. Compared with foreign brands, the hydraulic plunger pump produced in China has a large gap in technological advancement, working reliability, service life, variable mechanism control function and dynamic and static performance indicators, which is basically equivalent to the level of foreign countries in the early 1990s.
20, aviation design software "Aviation software is in a dilemma, domestic aircraft design wears the "tight hoop"" (Science and Technology Daily, May 30)
Since the 1980s, the world's aviation industry has entered a new stage of digital design , and has now reached a high degree of dependence that it cannot be designed without software. Designing an aircraft requires at least a dozen professional software, all of which are European and American products. Domestic design units not only have to invest huge amounts of money in purchasing software, but also wear steel rings on their heads. Once they are chanted the "tight hoop curse", the entire aviation industry will be paralyzed.
According to media reports, when designing the J-10 aircraft, the entire metal parts of the main landing gear main bearing structure were entrusted to foreign manufacturing. However, after the construction, there was a problem with the landing gear retracting and a 5mm error, so I had to reorder the goods and manufacture them. It was just this little error that affected the first flight of the J-10 that was postponed for eight or nine months. Without fully digital software support, any minor error may become a nightmare for manufacturing.
21, photoresist "China's semiconductor industry loses color due to photoresist" (Science and Technology Daily May 31)
Although my country has become a major producer of semiconductor in the world, the overall industrial chain is still relatively backward. At present, almost all photoresist for LCDs relies on imports, and the core technology has been monopolized by Japanese companies such as TOK, JSR, , Sumitomo Chemical , and Shintsuki Chemical.Take BOE , which has certain competitive strength internationally, for example. Currently, 17 panel display production bases have been established, 16 of which have been put into production. However, BOE's photoresist used for high-end panels is still provided by foreign companies. The main components of photoresist include polymer resin, color paste , monomers, photosensitive initiators, solvents and additives. There are many technical difficulties involved in the development. It needs to be adjusted from the aspects of structural design and screening of oligomer , determination and optimization of synthesis process, screening and control of active monomers, color paste fineness control and stability, product formula design and optimization, product production process optimization and stability, final use condition matching and tolerance adjustment. Therefore, it is very difficult to independently develop and produce.
22. High-voltage common rail system " high-voltage common rail is not useful, domestic diesel engines are very injured" (Science and Technology Daily June 4)
electronically controlled diesel high-voltage common rail system is equivalent to the "heart" and "brain" of diesel engine . The quality of its quality seriously affects the use of the engine. The diesel engine industry is an important equipment foundation for promoting a country's economic growth and social operation. China is the main market and producer of diesel engines in the world, and in the domestic market for high-voltage common rail systems for electronically controlled diesel engines, companies such as Germany, the United States and Japan occupy a large share. Compared with the products of advanced foreign companies, there is still a certain gap in performance, function, quality and consistency of domestic high-voltage common rail systems, and their cost advantages are not obvious.
23. Transmission electron microscope "Our 3D high-definition photos of proteins rely on imported transmission electron microscope" (Science and Technology Daily June 6)
Cryogenic electron microscope can take microstructure high-definition 3D "color photos" and is a powerful tool for life science research. The production capacity of transmission electron microscope is one of the foundations of cryogenic microscope manufacturing capabilities. At present, there are only three manufacturers in the world that produce transmission electron microscopes, namely Japan Electronics, Hitachi , and FEI. No domestic company produces transmission electron microscopes. All the tools used to match the cryo-electron microscope need to be original. If the parts are broken, they cannot be found to repair them. They can only wait for the parts to be mailed and replaced after they arrive. For Chinese cryo-electron microscope users, this experience may last for a long time.
24, boring machine main bearing "Own boring machine has to use other people's main bearing" (Science and Technology Daily June 7)
main bearing is known as the "heart" of a full-section tunnel boring machine. It bears the main load of the running process of the boring machine and is a key component of the cutting board drive system. Its working condition is very bad. Compared with the traditional rolling bearing with a diameter of only a few hundred millimeters, the main bearing of the boring machine is generally a few meters in diameter. It is the most complex type of bearing, and the manufacturing requires hundreds of processes. In terms of the manufacturing capabilities of the boring machine, domestic boring machines are close to the world's most advanced level, but the most critical main bearings are all imported. German Roteled , IMO, FAG and Sweden SKF occupy the market.
25. Microsphere "Microsphere: The lightness that national industry cannot bear" (Science and Technology Daily, June 12)
microspheres have a diameter of one-thirty of the thickness of the hair. In the mobile phone screen, one hundred microballs are used per square millimeter to support two glass panels, which is equivalent to a skeleton. In the gap between the two glass panels, liquid crystal is poured into . Without it, the LCD screen you are staring at will not be produced. Without microspheres, chip production, food safety testing, disease diagnosis, biopharmaceuticals, environmental monitoring... many industries will be in a dilemma. In the microelectronics field alone, China imports microspheres worth hundreds of billions of yuan every year. In 2017, the LCD panel shipments in mainland China reached 33% of the world, with an industry scale of about 100 billion US dollars, ranking first in the world. But the key materials in this panel - spacer microspheres and conductive golden spheres, are only available in one or two Japanese companies in the world. These materials are like chip , jamming people's neck.
26, Underwater Connector "Underwater Connection is short of domestic weapon, Underwater Observation Network is beside the wall of a man" (Science and Technology Daily June 13)
In addition to ships and remote sensing satellite , Underwater Observation Network has become the third type of ocean observation platform - through it, humans can go deep into underwater to observe and understand the ocean. If various cable-type observation platforms are compared to arms and legs, underwater connectors are like joints, which play an irreplaceable role in the construction, operation and maintenance of submarine observation network systems. At present, my country's underwater connector market is basically monopolized by foreign countries. Once the connector becomes an embargo, the construction and operation of the entire seabed observation network will be forced to be interrupted.
27, fuel cell key materials "Without three key materials, it is difficult to become an article for commercialization of fuel cells" (Science and Technology Daily June 14)
Foreign fuel cell vehicles have been mass-produced, but my country's automotive fuel cells are still in the stage of technical verification. The current situation of automotive fuel cells in my country is that there are almost no components manufacturers, no automotive stack production companies, and only a very small number of commercially operated fuel cell vehicles.
more than one key materials determine the life and performance of fuel cells. These materials are not completely missing in my country, and some laboratory results have even reached international level. However, without a mass production line, the fuel cell industry chain is still obstructed. Key materials have been dependent on foreign countries for a long time. Once they are banned from selling, my country's fuel cell industry will have no basic support.
28. High-end welding power supply "Domestic welding power supply "silent fire", robots underwater operations are powerless" (Science and Technology Daily June 20)
my country is a major marine country with more than 3 million square kilometers of sea areas. It is vigorously developing high-end marine resource development and marine rights protection equipment. Once the equipment in the sea has cracks and other faults, it needs to be repaired with welding equipment known as the "sewing machine" in industrial manufacturing. The realization of deep-sea welding depends on underwater robots.
Although my country is the world's largest welding power supply manufacturing base with an annual production capacity of more than 10 million sets, high-end welding power supply is basically monopolized by foreign countries. my country's underwater robot welding technology has always been difficult to improve because high-end welding power supply technology is subject to others. The fully digital control technology of welding power supply abroad is relatively mature, while the domestic ones are still mainly analog control technology.
29, lithium battery separator "One layer of diaphragm has two different worlds: Domestic lithium batteries still need to see the sun" (Science and Technology Daily June 21)
As the "heart" of new energy vehicle , the domestic lithium-ion battery (hereinafter referred to as lithium batteries) is not "jumping" yet. Among the four core materials of the battery, the positive and negative electrode materials and electrolyte have been domestically produced, but the diaphragm is still a shortcoming. High-end diaphragm technology has a very high threshold. It not only requires huge investment in funds, but also requires a strong R&D and production team, proficient process technology and a high-level production line. High-end diaphragms are still heavily reliant on imports.
30, medical imaging equipment components "The dull detector blurs medical images" (Science and Technology Daily June 25)
Currently, most components of domestic medical imaging equipment rely on imports, and it will take at least 10 or 20 years to reach the current level of others. In traditional medical imaging (CT, magnetic resonance, etc.), China's earliest patent was 20 years later than the United States on average. In terms of number of patents, the United States is 10 times that of our country. This means that the entire industry is fully in the hands of foreign companies, and all intellectual property rights, all original achievements, and all scientific research accumulation are abroad, and China only accounts for a small part.
31. Ultra-precision polishing process "The road to the top of ultra-precision polishing process is long" (Science and Technology Daily June 26)
Ultra-precision polishing process is in modern manufacturing . The fields of its application can directly explain the problem: integrated circuit manufacturing, medical devices, automotive accessories, digital accessories, precision molds, aerospace. "It is the soul of technology." The United States and Japan have firmly grasped the initiative in the global market, and their material composition and production process have always been a mystery. In other words, buying and using their products does not mean that their products can be copied or even copied.
32, epoxy resin " epoxy resin is not tough enough, domestic carbon fiber lacks stock strength" (Science and Technology Daily June 27)
carbon fiber can be lighter than metal aluminum, but its strength is higher than steel. It also has high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, and creep resistance. One of the key composite auxiliary materials is epoxy resin. However, all the epoxy resins used in high-end carbon fibers produced in China are imported. At present, my country can produce high-end carbon fibers such as T800, but Japan's Toray mastered this technology in the 1990s. Compared with carbon fiber, my country's high-end epoxy resin industry is more serious in lagging behind the international market.
33. High-strength stainless steel "Rust" that cannot be removed" (Science and Technology Daily June 28)
Steel used in rocket engine needs to have a variety of characteristics, among which high strength is an important indicator that must be met. However, the strength and rust resistance of stainless steel are a contradiction that is difficult to get both like fish and bear's paw. If the rocket engine material is severely rusted, it will have a great impact. Relying entirely on the material itself to achieve both high strength and rust resistance, this is a global problem. Nowadays, most of my country's aerospace materials use materials used in the 1960s and 1970s. Developed countries will strictly control the impurity content during the production process. If the purity does not meet the standards, they will be returned to the furnace. However, domestic manufacturers often lack this rigorous attitude.
34. Database Management System "Database Management System: China is still looking for the "correct way to open"" (Science and Technology Daily July 2)
Currently, the two most popular database management systems in the world are Oracle and MySQL, both of which are products of Oracle Company . Competitors include IBM and Microsoft products. Oracle, IBM, Microsoft and Teradata account for most of the market share . database management system domestic products also have market share, but it is only a fraction of the market. Its stability and performance cannot convince the market. Companies such as banks, telecom , and electricity that require extremely stable will not consider domestic products.
35, scanning electron microscope "Scanning electron microscope "amblyopia", industrial manufacturing is difficult to see clearly" (Science and Technology Daily July 3)
scanning electron microscope , a high-end electronic optical instrument, it is widely used in various research fields and industrial departments such as materials, biology, medicine, metallurgy, chemistry and semiconductors, and is called "micro camera". At present, the scanning electron microscope used in my country's scientific research and industrial departments rely heavily on imports. Among the hundreds of scanning electron microscopes purchased by my country over US$100 million each year, they are mainly produced in the United States, Japan, Germany and the Czech Republic. Domestic scanning electron microscopes only account for about 5%-10%.
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