Forge ahead on a new journey and make contributions to the new era - Series of reports on learning, publicizing and implementing the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Party DRC study and implementing the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Party (13)
Wang Jinzhao
The report of the 20th National Congress of the Party pointed out that new fields and new tracks of development should be opened up, and new development momentum and new advantages should be continuously shaped. This major conclusion and strategic deployment stand at the historical height of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and pointed out the strategic direction for my country's new round of industrial technological revolution. We must study in depth, understand deeply, and accelerate the study of the important connotations, implementation methods and policy systems of opening up new fields and new tracks.
A new round of scientific and technological revolution is accelerating its evolution, and the important new track is becoming increasingly clear and clear. Many fields such as new energy and new generation information technology are nurturing revolutionary major breakthroughs. The energy field is transforming towards green, low-carbon, safe and efficient directions. renewable energy has achieved large-scale commercial operation, new energy vehicle has crossed the critical point of commercial operation, and energy storage and hydrogen energy are in a rapid breakthrough in technology and cost. The new generation of information technology with new chip architecture and manufacturing processes, new generation communication technology, artificial intelligence , big data, and the Internet of Things as the core is at an important breakthrough and has become an important driving force for the digital transformation of in the economy and society.
The development process of the new track is actually a process of "creative destruction". When the new technological revolution of occurred, it also had the dual effects of "creation" and "destruction". The emergence of revolutionary general technologies and various secondary innovations have triggered the popularization of new technologies in various industrial sectors, which will create a large number of emerging industries and at the same time subvert those old industries, thereby constantly destroying the old structure. Historically, every round of technological revolution will create emerging industries and trigger the "creative destruction" of the old track by the new track.
new track will be the core force that drives China's economic growth in the future. First, the new track creates conditions for China's economy to move from imitation to innovation. The new track is the carrier of disruptive innovation and the key to China's breakthrough in the "bottleneck". Second, the new track provides opportunities for China's industry to climb upstream of the value chain. No country has formed absolute technical barriers on the new track, creating opportunities for China's economy to move towards independent innovation. Third, the new track will cultivate new economic growth points and a number of high-growth industries. Not only that, the new track will also empower traditional industries, and digital technology will empower traditional industries and improve labor productivity. According to preliminary estimates, by 2030, the scale of digital economy will grow by an average of 9.9 percentage points per year, driving economic growth by 1.3 percentage points; the low-carbon industry will grow by an average of 8.6 percentage points per year, driving economic growth by 0.96 percentage points. The digital economy and green and low-carbon areas alone can drive economic growth by 2.3 percentage points, accounting for more than 40% of my country's future economic growth.
Firstly grasp the two strategic directions of low-carbonization and digitalization
Economic and social development is mainly driven by matter, energy and information. Low-carbonization has changed the way of energy acquisition and utilization, digitalization has changed the way of information acquisition, processing and use, and changed the way of production and lifestyle from the bottom. Digitalization and low-carbonization are the two most important strategic directions for opening up a new track. The cultivation of new tracks should use digital technology to shape new business forms and new models, and promote sustainable development with low carbonization.
should accelerate the consolidation and expansion of my country's leading advantage in low carbonization. my country's new energy vehicles already have market scale advantages and full industrial chain advantages. China has ranked first in the world's new energy vehicle production and sales for seven consecutive years. In the future, we should fully release domestic consumption potential, enhance the innovation capabilities of the entire industrial chain, and continue to strengthen the comprehensive advantages of our industrial development; at the same time, we should seize the opportunity to expand exports and foreign investment in , and form new advantages in competitive cooperation. my country's power battery industry as a whole has firmly ranked first in the world, and China's total installed capacity of power battery accounts for 52% of the world's total installed capacity, ranking first in the world for five consecutive years. According to forecasts, the total installed capacity of China's power battery in 2030 can reach about 10 times the current capacity. We should continue to improve the basic capabilities of the industry, aim at cutting-edge fields such as the next generation of new systems, such as solid-state battery , lithium-sulfur battery , etc., and continuously expand our advantages.The technical level of my country's wind power and photovoltaic industry has entered the "unmanned land". In 2021, wind power and photovoltaic power generation account for 11.7% of the total electricity consumption in the society. The new and cumulative installed capacity are the world's first. Wind power and photovoltaic have cultivated a group of internationally competitive enterprises and the supply chain system is complete. In 2030, my country's total installed capacity of wind and solar will reach more than 1.2 billion kilowatts. It should rely on the advantages of the domestic unified market. In the future, the government can focus on promoting innovation and provide a verification platform for new technologies, new materials and new products of wind power and photovoltaics. my country is currently the world's number one hydrogen producer, but the hydrogen energy industry as a whole is in its initial development stage. In 2030, my country's annual demand for hydrogen will reach 37.15 million tons, and the market size is expected to be close to 600 billion yuan. Based on my country's actual situation, the hydrogen energy industry in the next 10 years can be planned in multiple lines, follow in the fuel and automobile field, narrow the gap; lead in the industry and electricity field, increase technological research and development; run side by side in the construction field, and expand hydrogen energy application scenarios.
should achieve overall parallel and partial leadership in the digital field. my country's 5G technology has ranked among the forefront of the world in terms of industrial capabilities and network construction. The 5G base stations that have been built in my country account for more than 70% of the world. In the future, we will take the large-scale application and expansion of 5G technology as an important driving force, and accelerate the promotion of 5G enhancement technology, standards research and development and industrial application. my country's artificial intelligence industry has entered the stage of large-scale development, and the scale of the artificial intelligence industry ranks second in the world, second only to the United States. China has a world-leading enterprise in the fields of computer vision , speech recognition and natural language processing. In the future, we should continue to break through major basic theories, make good use of scenarios and data advantages, and strive to become the major innovation center around the world. my country's industrial Internet is on the same starting line as major developed countries. The next step is to speed up the filling of shortcomings in chip design and manufacturing, core software, and algorithms. my country's brain-like computing technology has already had local advantages, providing a new path to solve the problem of "bottleneck" of high-end chips. Brain-like computing will reach the technological maturity stage and achieve large-scale commercialization in the next 5 to 10 years. It is necessary to do a good job in large-scale commercialization technology research and development, market cultivation and supply chain preparation. my country has achieved international advanced results in many fields of quantum computing , and the global competition for quantum computing is intensifying at the national and corporate levels. National strategic plans should be issued as soon as possible, continuously support the development of quantum computing, coordinate resources from government departments, industries and academic circles, and occupy a favorable position in future international competition.
organically combines the government's organizational advantages and the market's competition mechanism
borrows from "the stone of another mountain". Since the new track contains risks and costs that enterprises and other private sectors cannot bear, it is difficult for the industry to spontaneously form a market system and require government support. Especially strong support for basic research and platform technology is very critical. Market forces and competition mechanisms are crucial to the new track. Most of the technologies dominated by the United States at this stage are supported by the US government. For example, Apple's products involve 12 core technologies including central processors, global positioning systems and smart voice assistants. All of them originated from the needs of the US military and government funding. Talent competition is the core content of racing on the new track. World War II has caused a large number of European scientific and technological talents to pour into the United States, creating its position as a highland of science and technology and talent-powered country. After the war, the United States' talent introduction policy remained open, and high-skilled immigrant talents promoted innovation. Both task-oriented and basic research must be hard. Task-oriented research provides a clear direction for application and improves research efficiency. It is a common means for the United States to achieve key breakthroughs in the new track. At the same time, the United States regards basic research as the pacemaker for technological progress, allocating sufficient funds to universities and research institutions, ensuring that the long-term development of science will not be subject to others. Small and medium-sized enterprises are more motivated to carry out creative destruction. Because small and medium-sized enterprises lag behind large enterprises in terms of scale advantages and market risk resistance, they can only seize the market with large enterprises through breakthrough innovation. The innovation ecosystem in the United States provides a good living environment for small and medium-sized enterprises in financing support, government procurement and R&D funding.
firmly believe in winning the new track.my country has a population of more than 1.4 billion and a middle-income group of about 400 million, and its domestic consumer market size ranks second in the world. With the super-large domestic market as the basis, a new track system and ecosystem based on me can be established. my country also has the most complete industrial system and the strongest industrial supporting capabilities in the world. It is an indispensable and important part of the global industrial chain and has a unique competitive advantage on the new track.
needs to handle the relationship between the market and the government, independent innovation and open cooperation well. The market can directly reflect the dispersed information in economic activities through the price system, and take a step ahead of the government in discovering and processing information. At the same time, market competition is also a source of innovation. The government has an incomparable advantage in organizational efficiency, and it can use its own authority and resource allocation rights to coordinate between the market and different companies. The government and the market are not a split relationship of either one or the other, but a relationship of coordinated division of labor. The development of the new track should give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, and the government should do something when facing problems such as infrastructure provision, coordination failure, and insufficient innovation incentives. Through basic R&D and talent training policies, the government has leveraged my country's huge market size and human resources advantages, and cultivated its own ability as soon as possible, so as to leave it to the long-term development of the market mechanism. Establishing an industrial system, technology system and supply chain system led by me and independently and controlled by is not inconsistent with strengthening international industrial chain and supply chain cooperation. We must strengthen international scientific and technological cooperation and use market size, talents and scientific and technological advantages to enhance our country's influence and control.
Accelerate the construction of a new system of systematic innovative economy
Accelerate the construction of a new system of systematic innovative economy key is to accelerate the construction of a new system of systematic innovative economy in terms of innovation systems, industrial policies, financial support, talent policies, enterprise development mechanisms and international cooperation, and accelerate the cultivation of a complete industrial ecology and innovation ecology.
builds a strong foundation, open and collaborative innovation system. Rationally lay out the innovation system, make efforts in the three links of basic research, applied research, and experimental development, and pay attention to increasing investment in basic research in response to current shortcomings. Accelerate the construction of strategic scientific and technological forces, establish open and coordinated national laboratory and national scientific research institutions in strategic, critical and forward-looking fields, and maintain the government's continuous and stable investment. Organize and implement major scientific and technological research, focus on key bottlenecks, and drive the improvement of scientific and technological capabilities through major projects and major scientific and technological research projects. Promote open sharing and organizational innovation of public scientific research institutions, increase the protection of intellectual property rights, and stimulate the innovation capabilities of the whole society.
builds an accurate industrial policy system. Strengthen industrial planning guidance, adhere to the combination of goal orientation and problem orientation, and coordinate the formulation of industrial development plans and implementation roadmaps. To create a market for new technology products, the government should give priority to purchasing and ordering the first (set) of products, playing the role of early users. In ecological industries (such as operating systems), strategic industries (such as large aircraft) and general basic products (such as chips, high-end machine tool CNC systems), public sector and the industry should give priority to the use of domestic products to cultivate early markets for the development of related industries.
further encourages market entities to innovate. Strengthen the motivation of state-owned enterprises to innovate scientific and technological innovation, and regard scientific and technological input and output as important assessment content for innovative state-owned enterprises in the assessment mechanism. To fully stimulate and protect the innovative spirit of private entrepreneurs, the government should truly treat state-owned enterprises and private market entities in terms of market access, R&D support, government procurement, talent training, etc., and help the two types of entities to give full play to their respective advantages and efficient coordination. Strengthen market entities, lay a solid foundation for enterprises to carry out innovative activities, support innovative small and medium-sized enterprises to focus on sub-sectors, and cultivate the "hidden champion" of manufacturing.
Establish and improve policies to cultivate and incentivize scientific and technological talents. Accelerate the introduction of overseas talents and introduce leading talents in an inclusive and diversified manner. Accelerate the cultivation of domestic talents. Accelerate the pace of reform and adjustment of disciplines related to higher education, and accelerate the cultivation of high-quality talents and the cultivation of innovative talents. Increase talent incentives.Improve the intellectual property income distribution system and inspire innovation by promoting state-owned technology enterprises to implement equity incentives and clarify the ownership of state-funded intellectual property rights.
improves the modern financial system with efficient and coordinated efficiency. Increase the support of capital market , give full play to the role of multi-level capital market such as Science and Technology Innovation Board , GEM , support high-quality enterprises to go public and raise funds, and accelerate the growth rate of technology innovation enterprises. Inject long-term capital into the front end of the innovation chain, transform the existing 5-10-year industrial investment funds into a longer-term government-guided fund , guide early-stage angels, venture capital and private equity institutions to invest in long-term, allow social security fund to invest in venture capital fund and private equity funds in a moderate proportion, and extend the assessment period to provide long-term financial support for venture capital institutions. Special financial arrangements are made in the strategic area. Relevant funds can be established as needed in the new track field, and support for improving the industrial chain, research and commercial application of "bottleneck" technologies can be regarded as important assessment indicators.
Strengthen international industrial chain, supply chain and scientific and technological cooperation, and actively participate in international competition. For areas where my country has advantages, enterprises are encouraged to go global and seize the market opportunities brought by the global transformation to green, low-carbon and digitalization. Strengthen international scientific and technological cooperation, including opening up my country's basic research, attracting international researchers to join, and strengthening bilateral scientific and technological cooperation with other countries.
(The author is the director and researcher of the Industrial Economic Research Department of the Development Research Center of the State Council)
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