At the 2022 World Artificial Intelligence Conference, " Brain and Computer Interface " has become a hot topic among many experts in the fields of neuroscience, Brain Science , Brain and Computer Interface. Some experts believe that brain-computer interface technology will focus on the clinical treatment field in the next three to five years; some experts also say that brain-computer interface can bring the metaverse to a higher level, and even reach the "ultimate form" of the metaverse.
telepathy, memory transplantation , copy the "brain" to the cloud, give birth to a virtual version of "self" and talk to it, and use your mind to control machines far away from the other side of the earth... These seemingly sci-fi plots all come from the cutting-edge technology of brain-computer interface. The technology of
is nothing new. As early as the classic science fiction movie " Matrix " released in 1999, the director made a forward-looking idea of the technology of "brain-computer interface": by inserting a cable behind the head, we can travel the computer world.
"The Matrix" Source: Douban movie
Brain-computer interface, sometimes also known as " brain port " or "brain-computer fusion perception". It is a direct connection path established between the brain or animal brain and external devices, realizing the direct "dialogue" between the brain and the machine.
Since the 1950s, people have begun to study the human brain's ideas and hope to use them to complete actions. 1973, Jacques Vidal, a professor at the University of California, Los Angeles, has been committed to connecting the brain and computer systems, and has proposed the concept of brain-computer interface for the first time.
In 2018, the Australian science fiction film " Upgrade " directed by Ray Werner made bold ideas about the contradictions that arise after humans undergo brain-computer interface transformation. pointed out that humans will face ethical problems in brain-computer interfaces and artificial intelligence applications.
Story is set in the future world. A large number of people who transform local bodies through brain-computer interfaces and exoskeleton devices have appeared in humans. The transformed humans are considered to be more advanced living bodies.
The film begins, the male protagonist Gray and his wife are in a car accident and are attacked by bandits, and Gray unfortunately loses his ability to move. The desperate Gray implanted the "intelligent brain" into his brain through a brain-computer interface, miraculously regaining his ability to move, and directly upgraded from an ordinary person to a fighting master, and simply unveiled the mastermind behind it. Gray, who wanted to stop and restore his peaceful life, unexpectedly found that his body had been completely manipulated by the "intelligent brain". Once he had a sense of resistance, the "intelligent brain" would paralyze his whole body. Gray asked his scientist friends for help, but the scientist friends were also a "chess piece" controlled by the "intelligent brain", and everything they encountered was also the result of the "intelligent brain" layout manipulation.
"Upgrade" Source: Douban movie
"Upgrade" This movie positions brain-computer interface technology at the opposite side of human beings, But the evolution of all new technologies is like Pandora's box. Whether the angel or demon released from the box depends on the joint efforts and rational choices of human beings.
The brain-computer interface technology in reality includes three main development stages: brain-computer interface, brain-computer interaction, and brain-computer fusion. It is currently developing from the first stage to the second stage. will evolve from a one-way brain-computer interface to a two-way brain-computer interaction in the future, and it is expected to achieve complete intelligent brain-computer fusion.
Brain-computer interfaces are divided into two categories from the intervention method. One is non-invasive, that is, putting the electrode on the scalp, which is mostly used for non-invasive brain disease examinations, judging the brain state through brain waves , or using brain waves to control the external machine and exoskeleton system. Due to the weak signal, the accuracy and accuracy of this control method are not high. Another type is invasive, which means that the electrode is inserted directly into the cerebral cortex, which can record more and more accurate brain reactions and thus better interact with external devices.
In March 2022, a new breakthrough in the field of neurosurgery in China was published in the world's top academic journal "Science". The article focuses on the invasive brain-computer interface flexible electrode technology developed by Beijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University. When the patient's muscle nerves cannot be regenerated, the doctor will put a new flexible electrode composed of electrode points, which is only 2 microns in size, into the patient's brain through surgery, helping the doctor "see" the nerves inside the patient's brain more accurately, and use the brain-computer interface to "read" the action commands from the human brain, and then send them to the patient's paralyzed limbs through computer chips to help him resume movement. The mature application of this technology in the future is expected to enable more severe patients suffering from paralysis to stand back. The core change brought about by
The brain-computer interface is actually just one sentence - 's intelligent transformation of human beings. How to balance the advantages and disadvantages of a new technology will be a difficult problem in the development of science and technology for a long time. While releasing technological dividends and benefiting mankind, new technologies such as brain-computer interface, artificial intelligence, gene editing have also given rise to new technology ethics risks and scientific and technological governance challenges. Human beings must face the question of technological ethics directly. Only by supplementing it with human nature can technology be warm. Strengthening the institutionalization of scientific and technological ethics has become a consensus among the whole society.
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