The first "accident" in 2022 should be the eruption of the Tonga undersea volcano. According to the report of the New Zealand National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research on November 21 of the same year, they completed a comprehensive investigation of the Tonga volcano eruption and confirmed that 's eruption scale this time set a record for the highest record in more than 100 years.
Tonga volcano erupted, attracting people's attention. The scene of the eruption ofTonga volcano has made everyone very worried. After all, whether it is Huangshi volcano or Mount Fuji , these seemingly harmless volcanoes are all ready to move active volcanoes .
But do you know? In China, there is a volcano that was once called the most powerful volcano in two thousand years. It is Changbai Mountain Tianchi Volcano . Previously, the Tianchi volcano in Changbai Mountain was also detected to be frequent. Does this mean it may erupt? If the Tianchi volcano in Changbai Mountain really erupts, what terrifying things will happen?
The Tianchi Volcano of Changbai Mountain is actually an "active volcano"
I believe many people will be confused when they see the name of Changbai Mountain appear. It turns out that Changbai Mountain is also an "active volcano"? In people's impression, it seems to be just a "ancient well without waves" mountain, carrying a clear pool of Tianchi Water .
But in fact, Changbai Mountain Tianchi Volcano is the largest active volcano in China . It erupted from 1199 to 1201 AD. This eruption affected many countries in the northern hemisphere, destroying the original forest within a radius of 80 kilometers. volcanic ash even floated to Japan, which is more than 1,000 kilometers away. Because of this, it is also considered one of the largest explosive eruption in nearly 2000 years.
Research shows that at that time, a variety of disasters such as volcanic ash disasters were triggered. The eruption column entered the stratosphere and the volcanic ash spread to most of the northern hemisphere; the volcanic debris flow disaster swept everything within a radius of 50 km, and a large amount of carbonized wood wrapped in the debris flow can still be seen today.
The location of the Tianchi volcano in Changbai Mountain. The eruption shows that it erupted violently in history. In addition, the reasons for the formation of the Tianchi volcano in Changbai Mountain are very complicated. Since they are far away from the trench , it is generally believed that their appearance is related to the subduction system of the Western Pacific plate- Eurasian plate.
As for the real cause, the academic community in our country has mainly given the following four guesses. is the cause of mantle plume, the second is the cause of post-arc expansion, the third is the cause of small-scale mantle convection, and the last is the cause of deep dehydration of subduction plates. can be seen from the schematic diagram that there are obvious differences in their dynamic mechanisms.
Four speculations on the formation of the Tianchi volcano in Changbai Mountain
Generally speaking, the eruption of the Tianchi volcano in Changbai Mountain began at 5Ma, and after that it went through the shield-making stage, cone-making stage and explosive eruption stage . The evolution of the last stage of
caused the original tall cone to be destroyed and formed a caldera. After a lot of water accumulation, this caldera became the Tianchi that you see now.
Changbai Mountain Tianchi volcano has undergone multiple stages of evolution
So, how do people observe the frequent activities of Changbai Mountain Tianchi volcano?
Changbai Mountain Tianchi volcano is frequent?
Because this guy has a record of "mass eruption" and is very large, he has been on the list of key concerns. Not only has China established volcanic observatory nearby, but some foreign researchers have been tracking the changes in the Tianchi volcano in Changbai Mountain.
As early as 2002, people discovered that a lot of gas was emerging from the Tianchi Lake. In June of the same year, there were many " volcanic earthquakes " here. It may be that this dormant active volcano was "snoring".
People monitored multiple volcanic earthquakes in the area in 2002
By 2003, the number of earthquakes here became more frequent. On November 15, more than 60 earthquakes occurred .Although the magnitude of is not large, it makes researchers very worried because this may indicate that Changbai Mountain Tianchi volcano is "resurrecting" .
In addition, in 2019, The Royal Society of the United Kingdom also gave a research report on the frequent activities of Tianchi volcano in Changbai Mountain. The report shows that from 2016 to 2019, there were more than ten earthquakes in this area, and as the earthquake occurred, the height of the ground lifting can reach 7 cm.
They believe that this rapid ground lifting indicates that magma under the Tianchi volcano in Changbai Mountain is surging wildly. Therefore, it is hard to say when they will be unable to hold back and erupt directly. By then, this dormant active volcano will release all the "anger" it has accumulated for hundreds of years, and then humans will suffer!
So, what impact will it have if the Tianchi volcano in Changbai Mountain really erupt?
If the Tianchi volcano in Changbai Mountain erupts, what will happen?
What happens after it erupts?
First of all, we need to understand the main types of volcanic disasters. Generally speaking, the harm caused will be different due to different volcanic products.
volcanic products are many, such as lava flow, ballistic ejections, pyroclastic empty objects, pyroclastic flows, volcanic mudslides, volcanic jets and aerosol , etc.
The diversity of volcanic products makes it cause many disasters
Take volcanic debris as an example. It is the debris released into the air when a volcano erupts, and then it continues to decline under gravity. During the downward process, impact, burial, burning will occur. In this case, buildings, farmland, forests, etc. that are located near the volcano will be destroyed.
For example, the " Pompeii Massacre " that everyone is very familiar with is the work of volcanic debris falling into empty space after the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in Italy in 79 AD.
Ancient Pompeii city buried by volcanic debris
In addition, the "Tianchi" in the Tianchi volcano of Changbai Mountain is also a hidden danger. It not only has a high terrain, but also has a total water storage capacity of to reach 20×108 cubic meters .
This means that once a volcano erupts, these waters will face two situations. first is to transfer downward under the action of faults, and then interact with the magma, which eventually causes a magma-gas and water eruption. The second is to cause volcanic mudslides, causing disasters in the Erdao Baihe area near the Tianchi Volcano of Changbai Mountain.
The water in the Tianchi volcano in Changbai Mountain may react with magma, forming volcanic mudslides
Therefore, in 1997, after my country launched several modern volcanic monitoring and research projects, it adopted the principle of "discussing the present from the past" to predict the impact of the Changbai Mountain volcano eruption.
Researchers took the disaster range after the previous Changbai Mountain eruption as a reference to the possible range of future eruptions, and finally produced a volcanic disaster zoning map of Changbai Mountain Tianchi .
From the figure, we can see that according to the degree of disaster, it is divided into severely affected areas, medium-sized disaster areas and light-hit disaster areas. This division is conducive to orderly organizing rescue work in the future. Let the people in the severely affected areas move first to avoid more harm caused by volcanic eruptions.
People customized disaster prediction stratification map for the Tianchi volcano of Changbai Mountain
It is worth mentioning that since the Tianchi volcano of Changbai Mountain is still accumulated, when it erupts again, the magma and smoke columns ejected may be even more terrifying than the original one. According to data, its size when it erupted in 946 AD was about 2.5×1010 cubic meters of magma, and the smoke column was more than 25 kilometers high.
It is estimated that even if the scale of the re-eruption is reduced by 10 times compared to this (5×1012kg of eruption), it is still a large and sudden volcanic eruption with an explosive index greater than 4, which is roughly 4 times the scale of the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens in the United States (1.3×1012kg of eruption).
The explosive scale of the Tianchi volcano in Changbai Mountain is very large
It can be seen that it is very necessary to conduct monitoring in advance. Furthermore, the previous eruption of Tonga volcano shows that the Western Pacific plate is showing a continuous subduction, and the Tianchi volcano in Changbai Mountain in my country is also affected by the subduction of the Pacific plate. Under such circumstances, it is normal for Changbai Mountain Tianchi Volcano to be ready to move.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-