As one would hope, the origin of the coal deposit is known to everyone in the school. All stages of plant residue conversion into coal are observable and literally data - they can be touched. However, the key points of the process should be mentioned. Death organic matter – tree

As one would like to be, the origin of the coal deposit is known to everyone in the school. All stages of plant residue conversion into coal are observable and literally data - they can be touched. However, the key points of the process should be mentioned.

Death organic matter - tree trunks, fallen leaves and even pollen - is easily noticed to be prone to decay. The chemical composition of biomass is not completely accurate, but in this case, it can be described in detail as " hydrocarbon ". The final product of the decomposition of fungi and bacteria (including symbiotic microorganisms that live in arthropods and mammalian digestive tract) is carbon dioxide and water vapor. This is how matter circulates in nature. Then, water and carbon dioxide become the raw materials for the production of new biomass during the photosynthesis of .

What's going on? Water and carbon dioxide can only be obtained from carbon and hydrocarbon compounds by adding oxygen . Then release again during photosynthesis, but - not the point. The bottom line is that oxygen may not be found. Then there will be another process. The mass released from decay (dehyde does not prevent all microorganisms ) will be a "luminescent" or "swamp" gas, which can be simply called methane . Because methane is the main ingredient of the mixture.

This is just this method, hydrogen is not enough at all. The excess carbon will be preserved. This will lead to the formation of coal deposits.

In nature, if we keep in mind modernity, the natural anaerobic environment is a swamp where organic matter accumulates, slowly decomposes according to the second mechanism, as the swamp gas is released. The product of this processing is peat (if we are talking about swamps) or humus (similar conditions occur in the silt layer at the bottom of the reservoir). But swamps and lakes have been around for thousands or tens of thousands of years. The hydrological conditions will then change and the peat layer will be buried under the soil sediment.

After millions, tens of millions of years, hundreds of millions of years, a layer of organic matter above sedimentary rock will grow. This means that temperature and pressure will be associated with processes that themselves have caused the decomposition of macromolecules based on anaerobic but not only that. The more organic residue layers are squeezed, the more gases are formed in them, and some released hydrogen becomes atomic form and begins to restore minerals, taking away oxygen from them.

... For this reason, lignite has a lot of water and is "cracked" in solid matter - dissolved in it - swamp gas. Just sand. One feature of the lignite that has formed when the residue layer is immersed in a depth of one kilometer is the large amount of lignin - "undigested", burnt, but retains the structure of the wood. Of course, the latter is only if the trunks can initially enter the tank with the remains. Even without considering mineral pollution – not all mud in the swamp is organic – lignite is only two-thirds of carbon.

lignite can form in millions of years, but with the same success, the age of sediments can be 100 million years and 200 million years. Storage conditions are important here. If the sediment drops by 3 km, the gas and water will be extruded to a large extent, the reaction will go further and the proportion of carbon release will increase. At a depth of 6 km, this means a long shelf life, as the press must first form and then also be eliminated by erosion - producing anthracite , where in principle there is no water and gas, the amount of pure carbon exceeds 95%.

That is, swamp. They sometimes ask wrong questions. The thickness of the coal deposit can reach 800 meters - is there such a deep swamp? They don't. Especially considering that with the formation of coal, only 800 meters of product can be obtained from the residue layer of 8 km. But deposits are one thing, coal seams are another. The coal seams are separated by a layer of rock and overlap each other to form sediment, which can only reach a thickness of 1.5 meters in special circumstances. Sediments only indicate that the swamps in this place have formed many times and are easy, even in the continuation of a geological period.

But, by the way, about the period. As we all know, about 95% of the stone (not brown,-brown later deposited until the Cenozoic) coal was formed during the Carboniferous period. The swamp appeared in the Devonian period - about 400 million years ago - when the land was covered with vegetation. Then there are giant ferns and plowshares. As the swamp spreads, the coal formation process begins, which continues (the interruption of the Permian period in , caused by the depletion of atmospheric carbon dioxide reserves) remains at a more or less stable intensity. However, during the Carboniferous period, it was the event that led to carbon dioxide consumption. Carbon in the atmosphere suddenly enters the sediment.

That is, coal is always formed in a way - as mentioned above - but not in the Carboniferous period - different. There was enough swamp at that time, but entering it to obtain organic matter was not a necessary condition for protection. There is no need to limit the entry of oxygen. Land plants then invented lignin —actually wood or cellulose, thus strengthening the trunk. Reducing agents, fungi and bacteria, cannot find the chemical key to this compound for a long time. As a result, the fallen trunk did not rot, but was mummified. The forest is dead because phosphorus is removed from the material cycle along with the rotten trunk. The trunks are covered with sand, and the forest grows on the sand, growing layer by layer. That was 300 million to 350 million years ago, so there was enough time to turn coal into stone. The precambrian coal mentioned in the title

is just a discovery in recent years. The latest sensation was the discovery of thin coal seams of from - from a sheet of paper - coal seams. But science went further and dug up Edicara coal. The origin is similar to later Boheda or Saprite. This coal is formed from algae , as they dry on the shore and then buried under a sand layer, or when the reservoir with underlying organic residues are dried. Ultra-old coal is extremely rare because organic matter is preserved in another “wet” way before reaching land life – as oil forms. However, the fact that even among the Silurians was not in principle ready to work on land was promoted their formation. Algae that rushes ashore will be mummified even in the presence of oxygen.