Strange close-range gamma ray storm deviates from predicting
ray storm performance unexpectedly.
gamma ray bursts with relativistic jets, filled with ultra-high energy photons generated by star collapse. This picture is a depiction of the artist. (Credit: DESY, Science Communication Lab)
The team of scientists has tried their best to observe the gamma ray burst, the most intense explosion in the universe.
Astronomers believe that large-mass stars about 5 to 10 times the size of the sun will collapse directly into black holes when they burn out, and then a gamma-ray burst occurs. Gamma-ray bursts can also occur when two super-density stars, the neutron star, collided, and this process often forms black holes. The gamma-ray bursts observed in several nights in 2019 may be only 1 billion light-years away from the Earth, and are relatively closer due to the occurrence of these violent events.
"When this gamma ray burst occurs, we can see clearly," DESY physicist Andrew Taylor and co-authors said in a statement. "We can observe unprecedented gamma ray energy that lasted for several days."
Two NASA space observers, Fermi and Swift, have observed this event for the first time. It was detected on August 29, 2019 and is therefore called GRB 190829A. This gorgeous bloom like fireworks comes from the Bojiang constellation, a wide galaxy in the southern hemisphere's starry sky.
In order to understand what happened, after scientists learned the news, they mobilized a group of five gamma-ray telescopes in Namibia - the High Energy Stereo Telescope System (HESS). After three nights, a total of 13 hours of explosion was observed.
Ultra-high energy photons from gamma ray bursts were detected by the high-energy stereo telescope system in Namibia when they entered the Earth's atmosphere. This picture is a depiction of the artist. (Credit: DESY, Science Communication Lab)
With these observations, we can analyze the higher-energy photon from a more distant gamma ray burst.
"This is exactly where this gamma-ray burst is extraordinary," said Edna Ruiz-Velasco, an astrophysicist at the Max Planck Institute of Nuclear Physics, and his co-author in the same statement. "It happens in our backyard, which is different from the farther universe, where ultra-high-energy photons are not absorbed when they collide with the background light on the way to Earth."
NASA's mobile satellite is detecting X-ray produced by gamma-ray bursts. This picture is a depiction of the artist. (Credit: DESY, Science Communication Lab)
After analysis, the team found that the X-rays matched the pattern of ultra-high energy gamma rays - something scientists did not expect because they believed that the two radiations were caused by different phenomena.
But at present, we only observe 4 such explosions on the surface of the earth. Therefore, we hope that new instruments and more observations can further explore the secrets of gamma-ray bursts.
Related knowledge
Black hole is a large space-time area of silver lily. Its gravity is too great that nothing, particle, or even electromagnetic radiation can't escape it. According to General Relativity prediction, high-density matter can deform space-time and form black holes. The boundary of an area that cannot be escaped is called the event horizon. Although a black hole has a great influence on the fate and environment of the objects passing by, it has no detectable features inside it. In many ways, a black hole is like an ideal bold because it does not reflect light. In addition, according to the quantum field theory of distorted space-time, the event horizon will emit Hawking radiation, which is consistent with the bold radiation spectrum, when the temperature is inversely proportional to the bold itself mass. For interstellar black holes, the temperature is the order of billions of Kelvin , so it cannot be directly observed.
Hawking radiation is a kind of thermal radiation emitted by black holes that is inferred based on quantum effect theory. This theory was proposed in 1974 by physicist Stephen Hawking . [1] With Hawking's radiation theory, we can explain how to reduce the mass of black holes and lead to black hole evaporation.
Because Hawking radiation can cause black holes to lose mass, when the mass of the black hole loses more than the mass of the increase, it will shrink and eventually disappear. The divergence of smaller micro-black holes is usually larger than that of normal black holes, so the former will shrink and disappear faster than the latter.
Hawking's analysis quickly became the first convincing quantum gravity theory, although the existence of Hawking's radiation has not been actually observed yet. In June 2008, NASA launched the GLAST satellite, which can look for flashes of gamma rays in evaporated black holes. In the theory of additional dimensions, the high-energy particle collision may also create micro-black holes that will disappear by themselves.
BY: Meghan Bartels
FY: Huapingyan
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