No. 1547 Brain Science Daily
November 4, 2022
Science Times
Source: Academic Jingwei
Triple structure formed by projection of olfactory neurons
How does the brain determine the meaning of this odor after our noses smell a certain smell? In previous studies, neurons in the olfactory cortex never showed any structural characteristics. This has led many neuroscientists to speculate that olfactory information is randomly projected into the entire brain. Recently, a joint research team from Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in the United States created a new map of the brain's olfactory neural circuit and revealed the connection structure of olfactory neurons.
research team developed two brain sequencing technologies - MAPseq and BARseq, which can track the respective projection paths of tens of thousands of neurons in the mouse brain. A brand new map depicts how olfactory information is passed between different olfactory processing areas of the brain. In the piriform cortex, the research team discovered a key feature: the projection of olfactory neurons forms a triple loop structure along the anterior-posterior axis of the piriform cortex. These neural circuits that do not interfere with each other and are relatively parallel are likely to form a division of labor, each processing different contents of olfactory information.
, The development process and neural basis of evaluation of fear to social anxiety
Source: Xida Psychology
Relationship between different subregions of the prefrontal cortex and evaluation of fear and social anxiety
The discomfort and even fear experience in social situations is called social anxiety. Social anxiety individuals are not only afraid of negative comments from others, but also fear positive comments. Recently, recently, Professor He Tsinghua's team from the Department of Psychology of Southwest University, worked with Dr. Junwen Chen from the Australian National University and Professor Ofir Turel from the University of Melbourne to publish a paper on International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology.
This study uses longitudinal behavioral data and resting brain indicators to reveal the development process from different titers (positive/negative) evaluation fear to social anxiety symptoms, and explores the representation of different titers evaluation fear in the prefrontal cortex. The results show that the fractional low-frequency amplitude signals of different subregions of the prefrontal lobe affect positive and negative evaluation fear, which in turn affects future social anxiety symptoms.
, Can preschool children use meta-dialogue to make rational decisions?
Source: Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University
In the process of collaborative problem solving, partners usually conduct a special reasoning, called "meta-dialogue". Past research has found that 4-year-old children can understand meta-dialogues and make the right choices, but they can only spontaneously generate meta-dialogues in discussions during adolescence.
Recently, a study published on Child Development found that from the age of 3, children will spontaneously give reasons based on the witness process, proving that they are more likely to acquire knowledge than partners; around the age of 5, children spontaneously generate meta-dialogues to convince their partners to make rational decisions when collaborating on problems. The study highlights cooperative problem-solving and provides an important background for observing young children’s reasoning.
Source: Science Institute
Why do people buy lottery tickets? Most people will answer without thinking: For money, you can get rich overnight. However, it is surprising that a large number of lottery prizes are unclaimed every year around the world.Why do people buy lottery tickets? In the study of risk decision theory, the mechanism explanations of people's purchasing lottery tickets can be mainly classified into two categories: the "cold cognitive system" based on utility and the "hot emotional system" based on emotion, and cognition and emotions can affect people's decision-making.
Recently, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Department of Psychology and Game Behavior Research Center of Beijing Normal University published a study on Cognition and Emotion, and found that buying lottery tickets may be related to a better mood. The "emotional dividend" brought by lottery may not only come from the material rewards of the lottery itself, but also from the good mood caused by the "lottery dream". 5,
Source: Bio Valley
A growing number of studies have shown that a healthy lifestyle may reduce the risk of AD. Recently, a study published in the journal iScience showed that low eating frequency may reduce AD risk by reducing brain amyloid deposition. This finding provides clues to strategies for preventing AD by adjusting the eating frequency. This research results warn us that sometimes being able to eat is not necessarily a "blessing"!
6, PNAS: Don’t eat midnight snacks when you are on night shift, otherwise it will be more emo!
Source: Metz Medical
The circadian rhythm disorder caused by shift work has had a very negative impact on the emotional health of shift workers. Data shows that shift workers have a 25-40% higher risk of depression and anxiety than ordinary people! Recently, researchers from the Department of Sleep Medicine of Harvard Medical School obtained a "subversive" study result: Eating late-night snacks will lead to a 26.2% increase in the depression level of shift workers and an 16.1% increase in anxiety level; but if you only eat during the day, the above-mentioned emotional changes will not be triggered, preventing the emergence of fragile emotions during shift work.
7, JEM: Sleep one and a half hours less every night, which increases the risk of inflammatory diseases and cardiovascular diseases
Source: Biological Valley
We all know that staying up late is harmful, but for various reasons, it is common for young people to stay up late. Can sleeping more on the weekend make up for your sleep? Recently, researchers from the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in the United States have found that long-term lack of sleep negatively affects immune cell , which may lead to inflammatory diseases and cardiovascular diseases. The study also pointed out for the first time that sleep supplementation cannot reverse the impact of sleep interruption, which can increase inflammation.
8, new product, will you try it when the second cup of is half price?
Source: Tianjin Normal University Institute of Psychology and Behavior
and his peers experience the consumption process and share the consumption costs together. Psychologists call it a shared consumption situation. What choices would you make in the shared consumption situation? A recent study published in "Journal of Psychology " found that when faced with high-risk products, people will refuse to choose these products because they are worried that the decision results will cause serious harm to their peers and themselves. But when the product itself has a low risk, since there are no very serious consequences, people are more willing to "take this small risk" with their companions.
In addition, when consuming with estranged peers, people will avoid risks more in order to maintain their positive side and leave a good impression on others in order to avoid risks. However, when you are with close companions, people can make choices more comfortable and bravely come up with the idea of trying unfamiliar products.
Review: Simon
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