Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences recently used satellite remote sensing technology to determine the source and length of the longest tributary of the Yangtze River in Yalong River .
The Yalong River is an important tributary in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Most of the existing literature believes that the Yalong River originates from the southern foot of the Bayankala Mountains in Qinghai Province, with a length of between 1,500 kilometers and 1,637 kilometers.
The head of the research group and Liu Shaochuang of the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences introduced that according to the principle of "the source of the river is far away" commonly adopted by the geography community at home and abroad, through the analysis of the remote sensing image of the satellite remote sensing image and field inspection and verification of the source area, it was finally determined that the source of the Yalong River is located at the southern foot of the Bayankala Mountain in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province. The source altitude is 4,870 meters. The highest source stream is called Nongqiongqu, and the total length of the Yalong River is 1,670 kilometers.
In addition, the research team also re-measured the basin area of the Yalong River, which is 86,405 square kilometers. (Reporter Luo Xiaofei) ——Above source: Xinhuanet October 9, 2013
Speaking of which, the source of the Yalong River has really been found twice. Once, I went with Ertan Company in Panzhihua and CCTV's " Economic Half Hour " in 1997. For various reasons, I did not reach the source point of (in fact, the source was always controversial at that time). In the source area, a monument was erected to the source of the Yalong River. After that, I left and continued to "hike the Yangtze River" from Yushu along Jinsha River alone.
Then, I checked it and it happened that the second time I went there was a coincidence that ten years later, I went to , Teacher Liu Shaochuang from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and others to , Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, , to find the source of the river. The first stop is to go to the source of the Yalong River.
Because this source is quite smooth from Chengdu, and you go out of Sichuan and Qinghai to Yushu fork on the road. I remember that I have learned Qingshuihe Town is not far up. But we were very confident at the time and rushed in a hurry. I remember that we could go directly to the foot of the mountain pass in one or two days from Chengdu, and then cross the river on the road and ride a horse to reach the source point.
The result was that the altitude sickness that night was particularly strong, and we were all. Because I ran too fast, I felt a headache after I finished it. This is how I felt. But I just slept for a night and it should have been well the next morning. That night, I lived with a herdsman. I forgot whether I lived in a tent or the tent we set up ourselves, and I lived in a sleeping bag anyway, for sure. The next day, I forgot that it was because it was difficult to find a horse, and the weather seemed to have changed again. I thought that the source of this source was easy to get, and it was difficult to get it back... So I gave up the source of the Yalong River first, so we went to Yushu again, and according to the original plan, we went to the direction of Nujiang Source and Yarlung Zangbo ... The above section of Xinhua News Agency Telecom is some of the later data of Teacher Liu Shaochuang for your reference.
The herdsman's record at that time was as follows: This family has 200 sheep, more than 100 cows and 4 horses in a place twenty or thirty kilometers below the source. The owner is 61-year-old Solang Cairen.
It’s ashamed to say that the source of the Yalong River has never been written very carefully. Even the Yangtze River, which has been hiking for several years, hasn’t really written anything good. The original plan was to write a book, this. It's been so many years, but I haven't written it. Below is a little bad article written by the emergency payment at that time, with some news articles, so let's keep it here first. When I am free in the future, I will sort out the Jiangheyuan that I have never forgotten.
"Real Exploration" Dajiang River Source Content Link:
The River Source passed by 05: Magic Secret Realm, Lancang River Source (Part 1)
The first super power station on the Yalong River - built on the outskirts of Panzhihua City, an investment of more than 33 billion yuan, has begun to generate electricity. Taking this as a milestone, a new road to river development of "watersheds, planning, cascade development, construction and management integration, and rolling development" will be explored on this river. This means that the Yalong River will play the role of vanguard in establishing a new idea of developing big rivers in our country. This new idea will undoubtedly have a profound impact on the lives of many Chinese people for a long period of history in our country. In this sense, it is not an exaggeration to evaluate the status of the Yalong River, a river that connects the past and the future. At present, we can only place more enthusiasm for this. Now, for most Chinese people, the Yalong River is still a distant "virgin river". The outside world knows little about its rich water energy resources, such as the many ethnic groups in the basin, magnificent scenery, etc., and there are even less research and records. Even for Ertan Hydropower Development Co., Ltd., which shoulders the heavy responsibility of developing the Yalong River, this is the case. Therefore, Ertan Company and CCTV jointly organized a comprehensive inspection team in the Yalong River Basin, hoping to unveil the veil. The author was fortunate to follow the team for interview.
"Love Algebra" patient
hurriedly took a hardboard train for several days, traveling across most of China day and night to Panzhihua in the southwest Red Clay Mountains to meet with the inspection team. Before I left the train station, I was almost mistaken for a drug addict. This annoyed me and I was so excited that I wanted to fight. Although the irregular "hiking of the Yangtze River" over the past few years has made me, who is originally thin, it has been stuck in my mind with all kinds of new things and old traces. I can't even think about it. So when I have time to take drugs in vain? But I'm too lazy to tell what, I love whoever I love! I know how I am. These days, I only have the Yalong River in my heart, and my muscles are tight. It was not until I sat down in the cement house of Chen Lianyue's family that I felt so tired that I fell asleep.
The Yalong River aroused my special interest, of course, because it is the first tributary of the Yangtze River from top to bottom. The annual runoff of the Yangtze River exceeds that of the Yellow River. The 1,571 kilometers from the source to the 1,571 kilometers of the Yangtze River, the drop is 3,180 meters. It is steep and beautiful, and it is tempting to think about it.
My friend Chen Lianyue, president of Ertan Branch of Panzhihua Construction Bank, once went to the source of the Yalong River. A year ago, he told me about the situation at that time, and that beautiful scenery often appeared in my dreams.
Chen is quite strange in ordinary people's eyes. He, the president, is not obsessed with the various unstoppable temptations of the city, but is keen on exploration and planting trees. Chen Lianyue had been to Geladandong, the source of the Yangtze River, a year ago. He was a commentary and written by the TV film that had been floating in for ten years... Chen can be said to be a typical patient with "plateau love" and has been going on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau every year. When he came back, he planned to look for bald mountains to plant trees in Panzhihua, calling himself a "green party"... The beginning of all this was the source of the Yalong River. After that inspection, their report reduced the budget for the construction of Ertan Hydropower Station by 200 million to 300 million yuan, which is a great merit.
Ertan Hydropower Station is a large hydropower station with comprehensive functions such as wood dams. The wood-passing system was originally designed to be 1.1 million cubic meters, with an investment of more than 1 billion yuan... Should this wood-passing system be built? If you want to do it, how big is the scale? It has always attracted attention, and it was still controversial at the Ertan Hydropower Supervision Conference in Beijing and cannot be decided. In 1992, Chen Lianyue, Liao Guohong and others conducted surveys on forest resources, ecological conditions, artificial forestry, production efficiency, transportation methods, etc., including Daofu , Baiyu, Xinlong , Muli , which accounted for 90% of the timber production in the Yalong River Basin, and the forestry bureaus of various counties. The itinerary was more than 6,000 kilometers and submitted a report on the "Survey on the annual wood passing through the Wooden Machine Road of the Ertan Hydropower Station in Yalong River", pointing out that it is recommended that the annual wood passing through the Ertan Hydropower Station in the Ertan Hydropower Station should be designed at 400,000 cubic meters. Afterwards, after many efforts, the design of this wood system was reduced, and the estimated project was reduced by 200 million to 300 million yuan.
Among my plateau friends, there are more and more patients with "algesia" like this. I think this is a good thing. The wonderful use of
Condoms
The three cars of the expedition team were on the road for a long time before I got out of a sour mood. In this operation called "exploration", more than a dozen members of the inspection team were all men. Their wives even felt a bit like separation from life and death when they bid farewell, and they burst into tears. I was the only one who was unmarried and had no one to see him off, which made me qualify to joke with them, but I said nothing. This kind of scene is difficult to make people feel relaxed and humorous.
The "long drifting" team member Feng Chun, ten years ago, was the guide of this trip. This time he returned to the plateau and was able to drift again, which made him so excited that he kept using the intercom to shout loudly. I'm really a little surprised that this brother has been on the plateau almost every year for more than ten years. How could he be so excited? Another old Gaoyuan was Wu Wei, the manager of the Ertan Branch of China Insurance Property Insurance. Before leaving, he took out two condoms and gave them to me, which surprised me. I realized that this was the best camera waterproof tool when drifting, so I felt relieved. When I thought about it, I brought four cameras and asked for two more. Except for these two friends I met while "hiking the Yangtze River", the rest are all good-looking. Later facts proved that in the harsh environment of adventure travel, it is not necessarily a friendship that can be formed in daily life for several days or decades. The so-called true love is revealed in times of adversity. After this trip, everyone regarded each other as "family friends of life and death".
Leaving Ertan, the car heads north along the canyon by the river, landslides and mudslides can be seen everywhere along the way, and only shrubs and weeds can be seen on the mountain, and forests are hard to see. The river water is gray and pale. This area is a residential area of the Yi people. It has mountains and canyons, and its beautiful scenery and strange customs are intoxicating, but it is also one of the poorest areas in the country. That night, I arrived at , the prefecture of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, , , Xichang City, . Xichang is a famous aerospace city and is said to be the best place to watch the moon in the country, known as the Moon City. Unfortunately, I could only stay here for one night as planned. It was Mid-Autumn Festival this night, but it was raining and I saw nothing.
The next day, before dawn, it rushed into the green mountains. The green grass on the mountain is still green and the secondary forests of . It was always the case until we entered Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Kangding City under the "Running Mountain" of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. At that time, the governor of Ganzi Prefecture told me that more than half of the fiscal revenue of Ganzi Prefecture comes from cutting wood, and some counties even reached more than 90%, which is amazing. They hope that Ganzi Prefecture can be included in the Yangtze River shelterbelt system as soon as possible. They said: The poorer the more you cut, the more you cut, the poorer you cut, the more you cut, the more you become, and we are anxious! ...In the Yalong River, Dadu River, , and the Jinsha River, the soil erosion caused by forest deforestation is shocking. ——Fortunately, shortly after our trip, Premier Zhu was wise and the country had decided to ban the forests in this area.
Kangding City is embedded in the canyon on the banks of the Gas River, with an altitude of more than 2,600 meters.After walking west of the city for dozens of kilometers, I climbed over the 3000-meter mountain th entrance. The altitude suddenly rose to more than 4,000 meters, and it seemed like I entered another world. The green was gone, and the oranges were everywhere, and the endless grassland stretched straight to the horizon.
% off Duoshankou is already a world of ice and snow. When we were in Panzhihua a few days ago, we wore T-shirts and . At night, we had to turn on the air conditioner to cool down. At this time, we all wore thick down jackets.
knocked down by altitude sickness
For most people on the expedition team, the most attractive thing about this trip is to go to the plateau. Everyone has become accustomed to the green or withered mountains before Kangding , and there are not many new ones. Desire is the best motivation and the best magic pill. What surprised me was that no one admitted to altitude sickness two days before going to the plateau. There were ten people in this team who first went to the plateau.
The weather is surprisingly good. With the blue sky, the white clouds suddenly become like thousands of horses galloping and then suddenly turn into white snow peaks. The flowing flocks are like white clouds projecting on the earth. Everything is refreshing. Two days later, we arrived at Xinluhai under Quershan and started our first trial drift... Quershan was 6,168 meters above sea level, which was the last natural danger before entering Tibet on the northern line of the Sichuan-Tibet Highway. Xinluhai at the foot of the mountain is actually a plateau lake, named by the road builder of that year. Snow mountains and glaciers penetrate the lake, and the green pines and cypresses on both sides are hidden, as if they are like a fairyland. The drifting in the lake is full of dangers. The calm surface of the lake is as breeze as huge tiles and jade, but the breeze is also biting cold.
That night when camping by the lake, God began to test us. The wind and snow quickly made the earth and everything around it white. The tent was as cold as an ice cave, and the sleeping bag was stuck on it and felt like it was just a piece of wet paper. Everyone tried desperately to get close to the Tibetan stove.
I went out of the tent and cut a few branches with fire axe . I got back and felt a headache. I knew this was a taboo in the plateau. I had not yet adapted to the hypoxia environment and exercised excessively. The plateau reaction was stronger than under the snow mountain of Geladandong, the source of the Yangtze River at an altitude of 6,621 meters. It was mercilessly attacking me: it seemed that there was a thick steel needle in the back of my head that was constantly stirring, and it seemed that a huge rock was pressed on the back of my chest and back, so stuffy that people could really do it: I felt every breath; my lungs clearly felt that the air inhaled was not enough to expand it. Every time I contracted, I had to use all my strength, and my body was soft and without any strength; my head seemed empty, and I seemed to be filled with things, I didn’t know what to think or what not to think; everything was gray, and there was a fog in front of my eyes... In the hazy, Ma Kun, a cameraman from Ertan Company, was still working on the camera. This brother has been dedicated to me in the past two days, and I almost never left my hand. Song Yang and Chen Jun from CCTV are from the Ministry of Economic Affairs. There are so many inexplicable questions that make it difficult to answer. That night, I hugged in my sleeping bag and only saw his mouth open and close, not knowing what he was saying. At that time, my colleague Huang Yunchuan, the head of the Propaganda Department of the Panzhihua Municipal Party Committee, was lying beside me, always whispering in my ears to talk to Ganzi. I responded a few words without thinking, and I fell into a dream. Being able to dream in a strong altitude sickness can be regarded as the adaptability I have developed in the past few years.
Song Yang was finally knocked down by a plateau reaction in Shiqu County, Sichuan, at the junction of Sichuan, Qinghai and Tibet, vomiting from top to bottom, and his face was pale. Shiqu is the county farthest from the provincial capital and the highest altitude in Sichuan, and the county town is also at an altitude of 4,200 meters. The most treacherous thing here is the shocking harm to rats. There are more than 1 billion plateau mice in Shiqu County alone. Mr. Li Fai, deputy director of Shiqu County Animal Husbandry Bureau, said vividly: Everyone in the country has more hands... Song Yang's face turned red when he heard the news. He picked up the microphone and looked energetic. I know that this guy is holding on. ——This news is a disaster for the local people, but a "fertilizer" for reporters.
In recent years, due to the random hunting and killing of wild animals and excessive grazing of grasslands, this famous and well-known grassland has gradually appeared in desertification.
The car fell into a swamp
It took us more than three hours to leave Shiqu County and cross the provincial border from Sichuan to Qinghai. Before us, the three lamas in Shiqu used their long heads to measure the distance. Their long heads walked through the distance that was separated from the holy land: they clasped their hands together, prayed devoutly, then knelt on the ground, then crawled down and pressed against the ground with their whole bodies, and then kowtowed with their foreheads... and then went step by step with their body marks... These two lamas would keep kowing to holy city Lhasa, and they would not arrive after one or two years. We can almost encounter devout pilgrims like
every time we go to the plateau, and we always feel a sense of reverence. Facing our complex gaze, the two lamas' expressions were peaceful and peaceful. In this snowy plateau filled with the mysterious atmosphere of Tibetan Buddhism, the power of the spirit always makes us amazed. This plateau nation overlooking the world always makes me feel ashamed of myself. Entering Yushu, Qinghai, I saw the mani pile , which is said to be the largest mani pile in the world - Xinzhai Gana mani pile. The locals said that this mari pile has 42.5 billion html html html, which is a rare wonder. All of this made me feel very kind.
The most challenging moment is coming. At noon, we arrived in a valley in the southern foot of the Bayankala Mountains in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai, and set up a tent in the southern foot of the Bayankala Mountains in Chengduo County, Qinghai, and prepared to head towards the source.
The water from the source of the river was at this time a very wide scattered mesh stream. The valley where our camp was located was actually a swamp among the streams. I used the satellite positioner to test it. The camp was about 20 kilometers away from the source and was more than 4,800 meters above sea level.
After a hurry lunch, the five team members took two off-road vehicles to explore the road along the dry hillside of the edge of the valley, hoping to find a way where the car could drive to the source point. In that case, we would save trouble.
The wind and snow started again, and the car transported away quickly merged with the gray daylight, and disappeared in the white sky.
Wait until dark, but only hopes that a car will come back. It turned out that after the two cars ventured into 10 kilometers, they both fell into a swamp. Several brothers pushed and pulled, and their hands were almost frozen, so they finally got one. In the snowy wind, the other one had to throw it there first and ignore it. Life is the most valuable thing. It is just right to hurry up and take advantage of the snow that has not yet been completely covered.
Everyone cooked a pot of 60 degrees of "boiling water" soaked instant noodles and went on the road. They took some ham and apples randomly as dry food.
Assaulting the source of the Yalong River
Hiking at an altitude of nearly 5,000 meters is by no means an easy and comfortable thing.
The first one or two kilometers of people were talking and laughing. Before we knew it, everyone talked less and less. If you leave again, you will be silent. The reason is very simple. In this cold and cold place with high cold and cold conditions, speaking consumes oxygen and physical energy. The more you move forward, the harder you move forward. At first, you have to rest every half hour, then 20 minutes, 10 minutes... After two hours, you have to rest almost every 5 minutes.
The first one to fall down was Chen Jun, the tallest CCTV. As soon as he rested, this brother lay flat on the grass in a large shape, motionless, regardless of the ice and swamp under him. I knew that this condition would never be like this, and would cause the body to have a root cause, so I kept yelling: Get up! stand up! Get up for me! ...It's almost like kicking it! In the end, I had to persuade him: If it really doesn’t work, just sit down and never lie down! Sit up! Man! Add to the threat: You kid really can't get up, but no one can carry you...
just walked and stopped like this. At around 1:00 in the afternoon, we saw the car that we were trapped yesterday. After a while, we saw from the telescope that our rescue team rushed up and was fighting hard around the car.
At 3:00 pm, our two groups of people gathered and finally arrived at the source point of the Yalong River at 97 degrees 36 minutes east longitude and 34 degrees 08 minutes north latitude. I took out the satellite positioning meter to measure it carefully, and the altitude of the source point was 4963 meters. Li Xuejun, an engineer with the team and Chengdu Hydropower Survey and Design Institute, said: From the valley at the Yalong River source point where we are now, the Bayankala Mountain ridge is the watershed between the two major water systems of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. On this side of the mountain is the Yangtze River system, and on the other side of the mountain is the Yellow River system. The source of the Yellow River is on the other side of the mountain, which is only one or two hundred kilometers away. Bayankala Snow Mountain is 5,266 meters above sea level, and the melting water of the snowy mountains nurtures the initial flow of the two mother rivers of the Chinese nation, the Yangtze River and the Yellow River.
Another heavy snow came, so heavy that people couldn't even open their eyes. Everyone should calm down and hold the monument of the origin. The monument was raised and I couldn't help but cheer. After taking the photo, I didn't dare to stay for a long time. I hurried back and it was covered in darkness. The wind blows, the wind and snow are intertwined, making it difficult to distinguish the world. The car fell into pieces again, and after pushing it, it simply turned off the fire, and it seemed that it could not get out of the swamp. This situation is really a matter of inability to respond every day, and the crying is not effective.
The temperature dropped sharply to minus 28 degrees. Everyone gasped and unyieldingly pulled and pushed the steel monster off-road vehicle forward and backward, which was useless. Finally, the car started again and started. Everyone worked together to hope that another push could give the speed. When the car rushed out of the swamp, the inspection team leader Tao Daping suddenly fainted.
I saw this honest middle-aged man tilted before my eyes and fell down, his eyes closed and unconscious. A group of people were pinching their hands and feet, pinching their temples and filling them with water. After a long time of busyness, Tao slowly woke up. He quickly raised it and stuffed it into the front seat of the car, shouting that he would never move or talk, please! Save some energy, we will go out, so you, the captain, please don’t worry about it! ...Later, Tao Daping kept muttering that he was really worried that if everyone couldn't get out, what would he explain to the captain? ——I thought about this later and wanted to laugh: Everyone can’t come out, of course you, the captain, can’t come out, everyone can’t come out together, who else do you want to explain to?
However, as far as the situation was concerned, if the car could not move, it would definitely not be able to get out in the dark. If you can't walk back to the camp before dark, it will be as heavy as snow or as cold as it is, you may really freeze a few people to death or even be wiped out.
The snow on the way home is full of snow, and I have long been unable to tell where I came from. After entering the source, Dawa, the leader of the Tibetan traffic police, jumped out of the car and ran to explore the way forward. Thanks to his sacrifice of help and familiarity with the terrain, we finally returned to the camp shortly after dark. The Qingshuihe Town where Captain Dawa and his traffic police team are located is more than 4,700 meters above sea level. The road surface under his jurisdiction is more than 500 kilometers long. I wonder if this can be written into Guinness? Later, for a long time, the Tibetan man who was in front of me was one step deep and one step shallow in the snow that day, running in front of the car panting and his eager and mellow gaze.
After exploring the source of the Yalong River, the team of the inspection team continued to go down the Yalong River to conduct the next step of the inspection.I rushed to Yushu to meet with our "Hiking Yangtze River" team members, walked on the Jinsha River, and then walked on our irregular and endless "Hiking Yangtze River".
"Real Exploration" Great River Sources Content Link:
The River Sources Through 05: Magic Secret Realm, Lancang River Source (Part 1)
The river source passed by 03-The Yangtze River South Source Dangquzhiquan Huatai
The river source passed by 01-The source of the Yellow River, the mystery of glaciers and swamps
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