Recently, people have extracted clues about the existence of water deep in the earth from rare diamonds. Mineral inclusions in diamonds, including pyrolith, pyrolith and cylindrical, a rare diamond that may indicate that water can penetrate deeper into the Earth's interior than s

Recently, people have extracted clues about the existence of water deep in the earth from rare diamonds.

Mineral inclusions in diamonds, including pyroxene, pyroxene and ellipticum, a rare diamond that may indicate that water can penetrate deeper into the earth's interior than scientists previously thought.

Although more than 70% of the earth is covered by water, there is also water in more than 200 miles (322 kilometers) of minerals underground, including the upper mantle, on which the crust "floats" the semi-extensive layer. Scientists have long believed that as the upper mantle transitions to the hotter and denser lower mantle, the water that minerals can hold will be greatly reduced.

But in a new study published on September 26 in the journal Nature Earth Sciences, researchers found that a diamond contains inclusions, or other tiny minerals, can hold more water, and appears to exist at the boundary between the upper and lower mantle. The results show that the water in the deep Earth may be deeper than scientists think, which may affect our understanding of deep water cycles and plate tectonics. The result of

is unexpected.

Researchers have studied the IaB type diamond, a rare type of diamond from the Karowe mine in Botswana, formed deep underground and usually exists on Earth for a long time. To study the diamond, they used "non-destructive" analytical forms, including Raman microspectral and x-ray diffraction, which used lasers to reveal some of the physical properties of the material in a non-invasive way, without cutting the diamond's internal structure.

In the inclusion of diamonds, researchers discovered a mineral called Linwood stone, which has the same chemical composition as the main substance of the upper mantle, olivine , but formed at extremely high temperatures and pressures until 2008, scientists only found it in meteorite samples. The authors of the study noted that Linwood stone was usually found in the transition zone between the upper and lower mantle between 255 and 410 miles (410 to 660 kilometers) below the surface, and it contains more water than minerals, buzzerite, which is believed to dominate the lower mantle.

But unlike the minerals usually found in the transition zone, the Linwood stone is surrounded by a typical mineral form of the lower mantle. Because diamonds wrapped around these minerals preserve their properties when they appear deep in the Earth, researchers can find the temperature and pressures they are subject to; they estimate that the depth of these minerals is about 410 miles (660 kilometers) below the surface, close to the outer boundary of the transition zone. The analysis further reveals that Linwood stone is likely to decompose into more typical lower mantle minerals in an environment with water or saturated water, meaning that water may penetrate from the transition zone to the lower mantle.

The authors point out that although previous studies have found some mineral forms from the lower mantle in diamond inclusions, this combination of substances in inclusions is unique. The authors of the study said it was also not clear from previous findings whether these minerals imply the presence of aqueous minerals in the lower mantle. Because no one directly samples rocks below 7 miles (11 kilometers) below the surface, diamond inclusions are one of the few sources of minerals in the Earth's mantle.

This result may have an impact on understanding the deep water cycle or the water cycle between the Earth's surface and deep interior.

If water can be stored deeper, the time scale of water cycle will actually be much shorter. This means that if the water is stored deeper underground, the water will be self-renewal for a shorter time.

These findings may also affect the model of construction in plate. Hopefully scientists can incorporate the findings of this study into models of how water in the mantle affects processes such as the Earth's internal convection. This current drives plate tectonics by unevenly heating the Earth's mantle, causing the hotter parts to rise and change the plane of the Earth.

Although inclusions are sometimes seen as blemishes in diamonds, making them less popular, they can provide valuable scientific information.

Don’t be afraid to buy diamonds, you will never know what will happen in diamonds.