Let’s first have a thought experiment.
After working for a day, you come home and want to relax after dinner. I just turned on my phone and wanted to watch the video, but the phone suddenly disappeared in your hand for no reason. What do you think in the face of this situation? Are you confused?
In amazement, you started looking for your phone in the room, but you actually found it on the washing machine in the toilet! You must have doubts, and even a little scared: How could your phone suddenly run into the toilet? This cannot happen!
It is indeed unlikely that the real world will happen, but in the quantum world, such strange events have always happened!
Next, go back to the topic.
Now we know that light has wave-particle duality , and the famous double-slit interference experiment also shows this. The wave-particle duality is only one of the characteristics of fundamental particles in the quantum world, and uncertainty is the core of the quantum world.
What is uncertainty? In layman's terms, we cannot obtain the accurate position and velocity information of microscopic particles at the same time. The more precise the speed of a microscopic particle, the less accurate its position will be. On the contrary, if the position of the microscopic particle is more precise, the less accurate its speed will be.
In the real world, it is easy for us to measure the speed and position of the car, but in microscopic world , you can't do this.
This uncertainty in the quantum world also triggered a famous thought experiment: Schrödinger's cat . I believe you should have heard of this thought experiment, so I won’t go into details here.
According to quantum mechanics, the cat's state should be "both dead and alive", rather than "either dead or alive". But obviously this is impossible. How can a cat that is "both dead and alive" in the real world? This is ridiculous!
However, all microscopic particles in the quantum world are in superposition states. Schrödinger's cat interprets it as a state of "both dead and alive". We cannot accurately measure the position and velocity of microscopic particles, but can only be described by probability. This is true for
Photo , and so is electrons. We often say that "electrons rotate around atomic nucleus ". In fact, this statement is not rigorous. Electrons do not rotate around the nucleus, because electrons do not have a clear position. We can only use probability to describe the probability of electrons appearing at a certain position.
Theoretically, electrons may appear anywhere, in your home, or even on the moon, but the probability is very small.
. Since we are all made up of elementary particles, it means you may also appear anywhere, such as , Mars , but this probability is so low that we think it is impossible.
and the more weird quantum entanglement and quantum tunneling effect have completely subverted our traditional cognition. The quantum tunneling effect is like this. You can only cross a wall that is 2 meters high at most, so when you face a wall that is 5 meters high, you can't climb over it anyway.
But if you are in the quantum world, you have a certain chance to instantly cross to the other side of the wall, as long as the time is short enough, it may happen!
or above is the strangeness of the quantum world, and of course there are many strange phenomena waiting for humans to discover. Quantum Mechanics has a history of more than a hundred years, and no one can fully understand it so far!
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