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Hymal stem cell research in Australia can help change the future of stem cell medicine.
Source: Science Shared Gallery
Two new studies at the University of New South Wales Sydney reveal how precursors of blood stem cells appear in animals and humans, and how they can be artificially induced.
In a study published in Cell Reports, researchers showed how using microfluidic devices to simulate embryo beating hearts in the lab leads to the development of human hematopoietic or hematopoietic stem cells.
The second study of " Natural Cell Biology " revealed that the production of blood stem cells in mouse embryos is responsible for the production of intra-aortic blood stem cells.
Both studies are important steps to understand how, when, where and which cells are produced, which can one day eliminate the need for donor blood transfusions or stem cell transplants.
What are blood stem cells?
hematopoietic or hematopoietic stem cells are cells that produce all other blood cells during the process called hematopoietics—from leukocytes and erythrocytes to platelets and so on. After the patient's own stem cells, is killed by treatment (such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy), some cancer patients are usually transplanted.
hematopoiesis chart. Source: Science Shared Gallery
For the past few decades, scientists have been trying to make blood stem cells in the lab to solve the problem of blood stem cell shortages in donors.
The blood stem cells used in transplantation usually require donors with the same tissue type as the patient.
Manufacturing of hemostem cells from pluripotent stem cell lines will solve this problem without the need for tissue matching donors, providing adequate supply for the treatment of blood cancer or genetic diseases.
Polypowered stem cells have the ability to produce many different types of cells, including blood stem cells, but can only come from animal or human embryos. On the other hand, induced pluripotent stem cells are produced directly from somatic cells (adult cells that have differentiated into cell types) by genetic manipulation.
But scientists can still learn a lot in the lab.
micro device that mimics the human heart
Scientists have known that cardiac aortic endothelial cells will become blood stem cells during embryonic development. "Part of the problem is that we still don't fully understand all the processes that occur in microenvironment during embryonic development, which lead to the production of blood stem cells around day 32 in embryonic development. "
"So they made a device that simulates heart beating and blood circulation, as well as an orbital shaking system that causes the cells to be shear pressure or friction when blood cells move through the device or in a dish." The
3 cm by 3 cm microfluidic device not only creates blood stem cell precursors, which then undergo hematopoiesis and differentiate into different blood cells, but also creates tissue cells of the embryonic heart environment, which is crucial for this process.
"Study shows that they can generate a cell that can form all different types of blood cells. It is closely related to cells lined by the aorta - so they know its origin is correct - and it proliferates."
"They are using the bioreactor to scale up the manufacturing of these cells."
Source: Sydney, New South Wales, Li Jingjing
microfluidic device that simulates embryonic heartbeat and blood circulation. The cell seeding channel is indicated by the red food dye, while the ventricular contraction control channel and the circulation valve control channel are indicated by the blue and green food dyes, respectively.
How to produce hematologic stem cells in embryos
From NSW Researchers in medicine and health are also conducting their own studies on mice to identify the cells that regulate this process.
They found that cells called "Mesp1-derived PDGFRA+ stromal cells" can convert embryonic and adult endothelial cells into blood cells.
Although more research is needed before it can be translated into clinical practice—including confirming results from human cells—this discovery could provide potential new tools for the generation of functioning hematopoietic cells.
Co-author of the paper on natural cell biology at Prince of Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Professor John Pimanda, co-author of the paper on natural cell biology at Prince of Wales Clinical School, Sydney, New South Wales, said: "Using your own cells to generate blood stem cells can eliminate the need for donor blood transfusions or stem cell transplants. The mechanism to unlock natural use brings us one step closer to achieving this goal."
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