According to the biological history of the earth, no creature can continue to flourish on the earth.
But some people say that this law only applies to species without civilization. Humans are the only civilized and intelligent creatures on the earth and can break out of this cycle.
After humans became extinct, is this really true? In the 1980s, the United States conducted a big experiment, artificially creating an ecosystem in an attempt to copy a "small earth".
However, the results of the experiment directly silence the entire scientific community.
So, what happened back then. It will make scientists say: "We have been locked on the earth!"
Can humans really not leave the earth
failed biosphere experiment
Can humans leave the earth? This experiment can tell us the answer, it is sensational biosphere No. 2 .
The entire biosphere No. 2 spent .15 billion to build , spending 80,000 steel bars and 6,000 pieces of glass , covering an area of 13,000 square meters , located in the Arizona desert.
Scientists have created a miniature version of the earth ecosystem in it, simulating various natural environments, deserts, grasslands, rainforests and oceans.
8 experimenters entered this artificial biosphere and launched a 2-year experiment of , but the experiment started.
Biosphere No. 2
Biosphere No. 2 oxygen content in Biosphere No. 2 dropped sharply after humans entered , which was once low to a safe concentration.
had no choice but to the outside world could only activate the oxygen supply system to provide oxygen to the experimenters inside. The experiment has failed half of since here.
Later, the environment in Biosphere 2 continued to deteriorate, and most of the animals and plants died, and there were also various conflicts between the eight experimenters.
The 2-year experiment had to stop in the 21st month of , and the Biosphere 2 experiment ended in failure.
This experiment shocked many scientists who wanted to build bases on the moon at that time, because the space achievements in the 1970s made people think that leaving the earth seemed not difficult.
The current internal biosphere number 2
After this incident, many scientists pessimistically believed that we were trapped on the earth .
70s and 1980s, oil wars broke out one after another. The energy war made people realize that we seem to have entered a stage where cannot leave fossil energy . Once there is no energy, human civilization will regress.
Everyone knows that fossil energy is limited and will be used one day.
More importantly, The environment on earth is deteriorating . Although some of the deterioration is caused by humans, it is undeniable that humans also have to face a challenge, that is the mass extinction of biological organisms that cannot be escaped.
The victim of the previous extinction
5100 years later
There have been five large-scale biological extinctions in in the history of the earth. The worst extinction almost cut off the biological evolution.
Fortunately, the last mass extinction was about 66 million years away from us; unfortunately, it has been 66 million years since we were.
If calculated periodically, the earth's biological extinction will occur once every 5,000 to 100 million years, and 66 million years are exactly in this range.
In other words, There is a possibility of mass extinction every day in the future of human beings. Even if mass extinction occurs tomorrow, it is in line with this law.
What humans have to face is the 6th mass extinction in the history of , and many people believe that the 6th mass extinction will open the scene with global warming .
remains of extinct animals
Looking at the five mass extinctions of the earth, the first Ordovician mass extinction and the second Devonian mass extinction are the global cooling, the third Permian mass extinction was due to the earth's own volcanic activities, the fourth mass extinction is a mystery, and the fifth mass extinction was the impact of the meteorite on the earth.
Among these mass extinctions, there is no that is caused by global warming. Therefore, many people think that humans will be defeated by hot .
As the number of humans increases, people and animals raised by humans will occupy most of the organisms on earth. Not only human industries, but the living activities of organisms themselves will also release carbon dioxide .
At the same time, the number of producers will decline, just to give up space for humans, the coverage rate of forests will become less and less .
Global Warming
The result is that the carbon dioxide concentration in reaches a historical high , and the global temperature has also reached a limit.
By that time, there will be no glaciers on the poles of the earth, and the land area of the earth will be about 20% lower than now. If you dive into the sea, people will see one Atlantis , because many cities are submerged in the water .
Humans face severe insufficient living space for , The roof of the world will become the most ideal place to live, safe enough.
The world after the melting of glaciers
How long will it take for this day to come? Scientists say that there is 5100 . This time is not what scientists say randomly, but calculated based on Copernicus principle .
The scientist who calculated this was Richard Gott , an astronomer at the University of Prime Minister, who calculated the possibility of human extinction as 95%.
Of course, some scientists believe that the extinction of human beings may not be closely related to global warming, but starts from within human beings.
flooded city
predictions of rats
Before the Biosphere 2 experiment, humans had done a series of mouse experiments, the most famous and shocking world-wide experiment was 25 universe experiment, also known as the "Rat Utopia" .
Ecologist Dr. John Calhoun built a castle of mice, which is a limited space for , but humans will provide endless food and water for .
It can be said that in this utopia, the mice do not have to worry about anything else, they just need to live and reproduce with peace of mind.
According to Calhoun's prediction, the mice in this space will experience an exponential explosion and increase the length of , and then tend to a steady value, and finally remains in a certain range .
mouse utopia
The first half of the experiment was indeed carried out according to his expectations, but in the second half, everything was out of control. After the number of mice in the experimental area reached a certain limit, they began to act abnormally, and they no longer reproduced .
Even in the later stage, the number of mice is already very small and there is enough room, but the mice just won’t be born.
When the last mouse dies, the 25 universe experiment ends , and all the mice in this utopian are extinct.
experiment was done in the 1970s. The whole world is still in a big wave of fertility, but scientists have already discovered clues.
Finally, the mouse is wiped out
That means the living space of the organism is certain. After the number of reaches the maximum value of the accommodated , even if you don’t have to worry about food and clothing, the reproductive desire of organisms will decrease , and the decline of is irreversible .
Now, the 25 universe is slicing in human society, and the fertility rates in many countries are on the red light. We seem to be moving towards the ending of that utopia step by step .
So how do humans need to save themselves? Is it true that we really watch the demise in 5100 years ?
Popular Explosion
Human self-rescue
Whether it is the 6th mass extinction or the population explosion, humans have a hurdle that cannot be overcome, that is Earth .
As long as humans live on the earth, will always encounter the activities of the earth, , earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis, and even an asteroid or comet impact.
and The space of the earth is limited . When humans live on it, they will be subject to various restrictions.
It seems that there is only one way for humans to save themselves, that is, escapes from the earth and migrates to interstellar space .
Space Immigration
However, Richard Gott, the scientist who calculated the Copernican principle back then mentioned that has not left much time for human space immigration ! Human civilization is almost locked on Earth.
Biosphere No. 2 has shown that humans cannot live without the earth environment , and we cannot even build a similar ecosystem.
The current pace of human beings has just stepped on the moon, The moon is strictly considered the gravity range of the earth , and we have not completely left the earth.
From this point of view, the saying that human civilization is locked on the earth is indeed correct at present, but will human beings be bound forever?
Can humans never leave the earth
According to the level of cosmic civilization, humans are bound to the earth just because civilization is too low , and we have not even reached the initial level of cosmic civilization.
According to the current development speed, human beings may reach primary civilization after 100 to 200 years, and human beings may reach primary civilization after 1000 to 2000 years.
Humans of the second-level civilization can directly use the energy of the sun and can shuttle arbitrarily within the solar system.
5100 years later, humans can leave the earth. If there is a serious disaster on the earth, we can temporarily escape.
Space of Secondary Civilization
The future of mankind is not that optimistic, but it will not be very pessimistic.
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