The biggest black spot in the history of the Nobel Prize: awarded to the person who turned a "madman" into a walking dead

From October 4th to 11th, the 2021 Nobel Prize that has received much attention will be announced one after another.

The Nobel Prize is named after Swedish chemist Nobel. The prize is designed to recognize the greatest contribution to human beings in the fields of physics, chemistry, peace, physiology or medicine, literature, and economics. Contributors.

However, due to the limitations of the times, the Nobel Prize has also experienced major flaws. This heavyweight award was awarded to some wrong objects, such as the protagonist of this article: Portuguese medical professor Antonio Egas · Moniz.

Moniz was born in Portugal in 1874 and graduated from Portugal’s oldest University of Coimbra . After graduation, Moniz taught at the University of Coimbra. Since 1911, Moniz has been appointed as a professor by University of Lisbon . This is the first neurology professor in the history of the University of Lisbon.

As a professor of medicine, Moniz has made great achievements in medical research, especially in cerebral angiography . At the same time, Moniz was not satisfied with conducting medical research on the university campus, actively engaged in social and public affairs, became a member of the legislature, and served in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Beginning in 1917, Moniz served as Minister of Foreign Affairs and led a Portuguese delegation to the Paris Peace Conference two years later.

Since the 1930s, the medical profession has conducted in-depth research on the brain.Each hemisphere of the brain is divided into 4 lobes, of which the largest lobe is called the frontal lobe. Moniz also joined the research team. Moniz’s research found that if the frontal lobe of a mental patient is removed, the mental patient will become very quiet and will no longer be as irritable and aggressive as before. So, can you use this method to help mental patients get rid of emotional distress?

So, Moniz first conducted animal experiments on dogs. The operation was very successful. When a violent dog has its frontal lobe removed, it becomes docile and quiet. Next, Moniz conducted a human experiment on a woman suffering from a mental illness. The results of the experiment once again confirmed his idea.

Moniz was ecstatic, and published his research results in an authoritative medical journal. Moniz's research results caused a sensation in the medical world, and he gained a huge reputation.

In 1949, the Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded to Moniz and another Swiss medical scientist Walter Rudolf Hess. The reason for Moniz’s award was "the discovery of the therapeutic effect of anterior lobectomy on specific patients with severe psychosis"; the reason for Hess's award was "the discovery that the functional tissue of diencephalon affects internal organs" Activity adjustment function".

Let the mental patients commonly known as "lunatics" get rid of the trouble of the disease through surgery, it seems to be a worthy thing, whether it is for the patient himself or the patient's family. Therefore, in the 1940s and 1950s, many psychiatric hospitals performed a large number of frontal lobe resections for mental patients. In 2005, the National Public Radio (NPR) of the United States reported a real case. In the 1950s, a boy was sent for this operation by his stepmother because he did not want to go to bed.

However, with the continuous advancement of science and technology, people have increasingly discovered the huge risks involved in frontal lobe resection: Although mental patients have become "quiet" through frontal lobe resection, they have changed since then. Become a "fool", even a walking corpse without any emotions, emotions, anger, sorrow, and joy.

One of the victims, including Francis, who was once a household name in the United States.

Francis made his debut in the 1930s and is well-known throughout the United States for his drama "Golden Boy". After she entered Hollywood development, she became a hot star. However, Francis was stubborn and unwilling to be controlled by Hollywood bosses and became their money-making machine, so he was "hidden" by the snow.

Francis has changed his temperament from then on, indulging in drug and alcohol abuse. Once, after quarreling with her mother, she clashed with the police who arrived and was sent to a mental hospital, suffered various inhuman tortures, and had a frontal lobe resection. When his friend Curt went to investigate, he found that Francis, who was lively and beautiful, had now become a walking dead without feelings.

People therefore reflect on the necessity of frontal lobe resection. Do you really need to turn a "madman" into a "stupid"?

Since then, people have filmed a number of movies related to frontal lobe resection, such as the well-known "Flying Over the Cuckoo's Asylum" and "The Confined Island". After the release of "Flying Over the Cuckoo's Asylum", it caused a strong response in American society. Since then, frontal lobe resection surgery has become notorious and has been basically abolished.

However, although frontal lobe resection surgery has gradually disappeared, similar deformations continue to spread.For example, Yang Yongxin , who helped children quit internet addiction through electric shocks, and , Yuzhang Academy , who punished, beat, and imprisoned students, didn’t they live well with the cooperation of countless parents?

.