laboratory is the cradle of science and the base of scientific research; the top laboratory is a symbol of the country's comprehensive scientific and technological strength, and it is easy to give birth to Nobel Prize winners and epoch-making scientific and technological innovations.
Today, the editor will lead you to take a tour of the top 5 laboratories in the world and see if there are any in China.
NO.1 Los Alamos National Laboratory
Country: United States
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National Laboratory of Los Alamos, affiliated to Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA Once gathered a large number of top scientists in the world, in this laboratory, gave birth to the world's first atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb .
Los Alamos National Laboratory started secretly in 1943. The first mission of was the Manhattan Project . It used to be the largest employer of scientific researchers in the United States. has 12,500 regular employees and 3,300 contract personnel . About one third of are physicists , one fifth of are engineers , and one sixth of are chemists and materials experts , in addition to computer engineers and biology Home, geographer, etc., the ultimate goal of this laboratory is to maintain the leading position in science and technology in the United States.
After the end of the Cold War, the international political landscape changed, making the US nuclear weapons development plan no longer a priority. Therefore, the current main research work is divided into two categories. The one is weapon research , including the development of military nuclear warhead by , the design and testing of advanced control technology solutions, and the development of innovative weapons research. Use computers to simulate nuclear tests and manage the US national nuclear arsenal. The category is non-weapon research , whose main work includes nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, intermediate physical technology, superconductivity, biomedicine , non-nuclear energy and basic energy science , etc.
NO.2 Chinese Academy of Sciences
Country: China
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China's highest academic institution for natural sciences , the highest scientific and technological high-tech consulting institution, comprehensive research in natural sciences and technology The development center is also 's largest research institution in the world at present .
The Chinese Academy of Sciences has 114 research institutes and more than 60,000 researchers across China. It is responsible for the construction and operation of more than 20 major national scientific and technological infrastructures. It is an important foundation for the Chinese nation to base itself on the country.
From 1956 to 1967, scientists and scientific and technical personnel of Chinese Academy of Sciences mainly carried out the research and development of the national "two bombs and one satellite" .After that, he conquered the key core technology of manned spaceflight, lunar exploration project, and manned deep diving .
From self-developed China's first supercomputer Godson series general-purpose chip to single-precision petaflop supercomputer system , leading the independent innovation of Chinese computer technology. From methanol-to-olefin technology, coal-synthetic oil technology, and industrial applications, we continuously open up new directions and growth points for China's chemical industry. The exploration from the proposal of continental oil generation theory to marine oil generation provided scientific theoretical support for the large-scale development of oil and gas fields in China. From the self-developed chloramphenicol, penicillin to the original artemisinin synthesis, salvia miltiorrhiza polyphenolate, and antofloxacin hydrochloride, allowing China to take the initiative in drug innovation At the forefront. From the fact that first completed the synthetic synthesis of bovine insulin to the first demonstration of the induction of pluripotent stem cells , human gene sequencing has achieved important original results in the field of life sciences.
NO.3 CERN
Countries: Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and other 13 countries_ span7span
, the largest particle physics laboratory in the world,To provide scientists with the necessary tools, mainly to study how matter constitutes and the forces between matter. CERN runs the world’s largest particle accelerator .
Particle physics, also known as high-energy physics , because various accelerators are used to generate high-energy particle beams to study these particles. CERN owns the synchrocyclotron proton synchrotron . A variety of accelerators such as the Proton Collider and the Super Synchrotron, as well as the world’s largest large chamber and heavy liquid chamber .
laboratory employs about 3,000 full-time employees, and has about 6,500 scientists and engineers from 80 countries, representing more than 500 university institutions conducts experiments at CERN , which accounts for about research particles in the world Half of the number of physicists is , and this laboratory is also the birthplace of 's first website, first web server, and browser in the world.
was once famous for the discovery of the Higgs boson , and the exploration of the Big Bang has never stopped. With the continuous discovery of new particles, it also brings more unknown puzzles, as well as unintentional surprise discoveries in the research center, such as penicillin and so on.
NO.4 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Country: United States
Laboratory was formerly known as " University of California Radiation Laboratory, "The research fields include physics, life sciences, chemistry and other basic sciences, as well as energy efficiency, cyclotrons, advanced materials, particle accelerators, detector engineering, computer science, etc. There are 18 research institutes and research under it. The center currently has 3,800 employees.
This laboratory provided the most primitive and basic experimental and mechanical support for the development of the first atomic and hydrogen bombs in the United States, built , the world’s first batch of electron linear accelerators , and discovered a series Superheavy elements opened up radioisotopes, heavy ion science and other research directions.
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Since its establishment, it has cultivated a total of 13 Nobel Prize winners including 5 Nobel Prize winners in physics and 4 Nobel Prize winners in Chemistry .
The achievements of this laboratory include the discovery of dark energy, technetium, neptunium, plutonium, berkelium and so on. In October 2016, a team in the laboratory broke the physical limit and reduced the existing most sophisticated transistor manufacturing process from 14nm to 1nm , completing a major breakthrough in the computer technology industry.
NO.5 Bell Labs
Country: United States
Bell Labs is one of strong’s most influential private research institutions in the world.This historic laboratory was built in the 1880s, after Alexander Graham Bell won the French government's 50,000 franc Volta Award (approximately US$270,000 in the current market) , He created the great invention of telephone.
Over the years, Bell Labs has made great contributions in almost every area of human life. Many well-known inventions, including transistors, lasers, solar cells , light-emitting diodes, digital switches, communication satellites, electronic digital computers, C language, UNIX operating system , etc., were born here. In this laboratory, 15 Nobel Prize scientists , 4 Turing Award (called the "Nolbey Prize in Computer Science"), and more than 30,000 patents were born_ strong8strong.
It can be said that this is a laboratory where has changed the destiny of mankind. is the cradle of modern technology.
In 2016, Nokia acquired the French global telecommunications company Alcatel-Lucent SA (Alcatel-Lucent SA) for USD 16.6 billion and became the sole owner of Bell Labs.
Bell Labs today,The scale and strength of are not as good as the previous . Although it is also engaged in the research and development of new technologies such as 5G, it has long lost its former glory.
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