Over the past 100 years, under the leadership and care of the Communist Party of China, generations of Chinese scientists, with the patriotism of serving the country, relying on their profound academic attainments and broad scientific perspective, have combined their scientific pursuits with the construction of a modern socialist country. of great undertakings.
On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, the WeChat official account of "Chinese Scientists" has set up a column of "Centennial Science and Technology Dreams", focusing on the brilliant achievements of my country's science and technology under the leadership of the party, inspiring and inspiring the majority of scientific and technological workers to not forget With the original intention and forge ahead, we will work hard to build a strong country in science and technology and achieve high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-reliance.
In 1978, Shen Shanjiong, Luo Zongluo and Yin Hongzhang participated in the National Science Conference for a photo
This is a photo of Shen Shanjiong, a microbial biochemical and molecular geneticist, and plant physiologists Luo Zongluo and Yin Hongzhang participating in the National Science Conference. The joy in the photo is beyond words. On March 18, 1978, the National Science Conference was grandly opened in Beijing. Deng Xiaoping put forward a series of famous theories at the opening ceremony of the conference. For the first time, science and technology that reflected the relationship between man and nature were closely linked with the productive forces that were the basis of economic and social development. Together.
At this moment, the intellectual world is boiling, and I truly feel that the "spring of science" is coming. Shen Shanjiong and the participating scientists, especially those who returned to China with him in the early 1950s, were very excited. In a set of reports, the People's Daily specifically mentioned Shen Shanjiong.
Shen Shanjiong, a researcher at the Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology (referred to as the "Institute of Plant Physiology"), in the 1950s, under the care of the Party, he returned to the embrace of the motherland and carried out arduous research work for the development of molecular biology ... Now, he With tears in my eyes, I listened to Vice Chairman Deng's speech happily, thinking to myself, my ambition to fill the blank of genetic engineering research for the motherland has come to fruition.
At this time, the 61-year-old Shen Shanjiong once again devoted himself to scientific research. His research on the structure and function of nitrogenase won the National Science Conference Award. This year, the Molecular Genetics Laboratory of the Institute of Plant Biology was formally established, and Shen Shanjiong served as the deputy director of the Institute of Plant Biology and concurrently as the director of the laboratory. He opened up the domestic research fields of molecular genetics and biological nitrogen fixation in China, and achieved a series of important results.
The National Science Conference in 1978 was an important conference held by the Communist Party of China after the "Gang of Four" was smashed and the country was in a state of waste. It was also another landmark event in the history of scientific and technological development in New China.
The venue of the National Science Conference (Source: Xinhua News Agency)
The conference commended 862 advanced collectives, 1192 advanced scientific and technological workers and 7675 scientific research achievements. During the conference, the "National Scientific Research Achievement Exhibition" was also held in Beijing, displaying more than 600 major scientific research achievements made by China since the founding of the People's Republic of my country, as well as the great achievements made by my country's scientific and technological front.
The conference reviewed and approved the "1978-1985 National Science and Technology Development Plan Outline", identified 8 development areas and 108 key research projects, and laid a theoretical foundation for the basic policies of the national economy and science and technology in the new era of reform and opening up.
At the closing ceremony held on March 31, Guo Moruo, then vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, delivered an enthusiastic closing speech:
"The vernal equinox has just passed, and the Qingming Festival is coming." Sunrise River flowers are more red than fire, and rivers are as green as blue when spring comes. This is the spring of revolution, the spring of the people, and the spring of science! Let us open our arms and embrace this spring warmly!"
The spring of science is sowing The spring of hope is also the forerunner of reform and opening up, and it is the prelude to reform and opening up.
In December 1978, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held in Beijing. The central topic of the plenary session was to discuss shifting the focus of the whole party's work to socialist modernization, and put forward a resolution to "vigorously strengthen the scientific and educational work necessary to realize modernization."
In December 1978, the state promulgated the "Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Invention Awards", which restored the National Invention Award , and in November 1979, promulgated the "Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Natural Science Awards" and established the National Natural Science Awards. These incentive policies show that since the reform and opening up, China has attached great importance to and strongly supported scientific and technological innovation and scientific and technological talents.
In 1979, pharmacologist Tu Youyou and others won the National Invention Award for their successful development of a new malaria drug artemisinin .
In 1981, Yuan Longping, a hybrid rice expert, won the National Invention Special Prize for successfully cultivating indica hybrid rice .
In 1982, the submarine launched a missile underwater with great success.
In 1983, the Galaxy billion-fold supercomputer system was successfully developed.
In March 1985, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Reform of the Science and Technology System", proposing the strategic policy that "economic construction must rely on science and technology, and scientific and technological work must be oriented towards economic construction" and "respect the laws of scientific and technological development, Proceeding from the reality of our country, carry out a resolute and step-by-step reform of the scientific and technological system.” The main content: reforming the operating mechanism, organizational structure and personnel system, etc., in order to create a good environment for talents to be produced in large numbers and make the best use of their talents. The reform of the scientific and technological system is fully carried out. Since then, documents such as "Several Decisions of the State Council on Further Promoting the Reform of the Science and Technology System" and "Decision of the State Council on Several Issues Concerning Deepening the Reform of the Science and Technology System" have been promulgated one after another, boldly encouraging scientific and technological innovation and striving to stimulate the vitality of scientific and technological talents.
Chinese people should develop their own high technology in their own way. Under Deng Xiaoping's decision, China identified the development of high technology and its industries as an important strategic task for scientific and technological work in the new era of reform and opening up. In March 1986, Deng Xiaoping personally approved the implementation of the "high-tech research and development plan" (ie "863 plan"), and selected seven fields including information technology, biotechnology, automation technology, aerospace technology, laser technology, new energy, and new materials. As the focus, and organize excellent scientific and technological teams to track the development of high-tech in the world.
Group photo of the four proponents of the "863 Project" (from left: Wang Daheng, Wang Ganchang, Yang Jiachi, Chen Fangyun)
Today, the seeds sown in the "Scientific Spring" have been thriving and fruitful. The leap-forward development from "basic tracking and fast catching up" to "coexistence of three runs, leading and increasing number of runs": Shenzhou manned spacecraft and Tiangong Space Laboratory achieve smooth rendezvous and docking; a new generation of geostationary orbit meteorological satellites and synthetic aperture radar satellites , Beidou navigation satellites, etc. were successfully launched and operated; the Jiaolong manned submersible and the Haidou unmanned submersible set a new record for the largest deep dive; the self-developed supercomputing system "Shenwei Taihu Light" ranks first in the world; The fourth-generation stealth fighters and large surface ships at the international level have been in service one after another. Domestic large aircraft, high-speed railways, third-generation nuclear power, new energy vehicles and other strategically contested areas have seized the commanding heights, realizing the leap from "following" to "running side by side" and "leading".
Today, under the leadership of the party, the vast number of scientific and technological workers are vigorously promoting a series of all-round innovations such as original innovation, application innovation, and industrial innovation in the spirit of waiting for time and seizing the day. Technology is creating one miracle after another.
Text: Collection Project Office/Innovative Strategy Research Institute of China Association for Science and Technology
References:
[1]Xiong Weimin. Chloromycin·Cowshed·Biological Nitrogen Fixation Shen Shanjiong Chuan[M], Beijing: China Science and Technology Press. 2014.
[2] Li Ying. A century of party history in literature [M]. Shanghai: Xuelin Press, 2021.01.
[3] Wang Yusheng. The spring of science, sowing the seeds of reform and opening up [N]. Popular Science Times, 2021.5. 14.
[4] The source of the picture in this article is the collection project of academic growth data of old scientists (except remarks)
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