Scientists have discovered new anti-cancer immune therapies. When will Chinese people be able to afford immunotherapy?

According to a data in 2015,Tumors are responsible for one quarter of the deaths of the Chinese population. The tumor cell is equivalent to a normal cell after a series of "unfortunate events", acquired an infinite proliferation ability, and finally formed a tumor.

The reasons for the abnormal increase of cells include abnormal proliferation of cells (the main cause of tumor), the failure of cells to die normally, and the failure of cells to differentiate into other types of cells.

During this process, some environmental factors, such as smoking, water pollution, and air pollution, will significantly increase the possibility of these mutations. According to WHO's inference, about 60% of cancers in can be prevented, but environmental factors will increase the possibility of mutation.

How to understand immunotherapy briefly? This method is to activate the immune mechanism through intervention, so as to achieve the purpose of killing tumors.

Taking T cells as an example, a normal cell needs to accumulate quite a lot of mutations to become a cancer cell. This is an inevitable process. Some of the mutations will be reflected on the surface of this cell, which is easier to find for T cells.

When it catches a cancer cell, it activates its own proliferation mechanism, proliferates to the order of hundreds of millions or billions, and is then attached to this cancer cell. Kill it and inhibit cancer as a whole.

However, currently only about 30% of cancer patients can get rid of the disease by immunotherapy. However, this number will continue to increase in the future, and it is possible for us to use immunotherapy to treat tumors. Will get bigger and bigger.

If the tumor is likened to a puzzle, we may have now assembled 70 to 80 percent of the picture, but there are still many unsolved mysteries.

For oncology researchers all over the world, our biggest vision is, . Every laboratory, bit by bit, fight a bit here, fight a bit there, and finally be able to mutate and form tumors. The "puzzle" of the mechanism of metastasis is put together to find a breakthrough to eliminate cancer.

What exactly is a tumor?

How is the gene mutated?

How does immunotherapy remove tumors?

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02 Kill a thousand enemies and damage 800. When will this cancer treatment end?

Shi Jianlin is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a researcher and doctoral supervisor of the Shanghai Institute of Ceramics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and a researcher of the State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Ultramicrostructures. He introduced us to Existing cancer treatment methods , and the latest breakthrough in this field: nanocatalytic medicine .

In the past we have dealt with cancer, one is surgery, that is, physical rapid resection, and the second method is chemotherapy, which uses chemical drugs to kill tumors. But it often kills our normal cells as well as cancer cells, so it will cause very large side effects of .

There is also a so-called radiotherapy,It uses high-energy rays, X-rays, gamma rays, etc. to kill cancer cells. But this method also has the big side effect of , because normal cells and cancer cells are all killed in the path of high-energy rays.

Therefore, despite the rapid development of biotechnology, the incidence and mortality of cancer are still on the rise, and our treatment of cancer still has great defects.

On this basis, Academician Shi Jianlin proposed nanocatalytic medicine, that is, uses a catalytic method to make non-toxic things enter the tumor and become toxic through catalytic reactions. By finding the difference between tumor and normal tissue, non-toxic particles and molecules can specifically react in the tumor to solve the toxic side effects of drugs.

At the same time, he also mentioned a kind of magnesium silicide nanoparticles. Because the tumor growth process needs to consume a lot of glucose and oxygen molecules. The purpose of this kind of particles is to completely deplete the tumor's oxygen molecules at once, so that the tumor "suffocates".

When we do technical research and explore the future world, we should find some new interdisciplinary directions. For example, we intersect materials with life sciences and medicine,We now have nanomedicine . Nanomedicine plays a very good role in drug delivery and other aspects.

What is the relationship between tumor and cancer?

Why is tumor treatment so difficult?

What are the advantages of nanocatalytic medicine?

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03 What is an effective weapon that can cure 60% of cancers?

Qian Qijun is the president of Shanghai Institute of Cell Therapy and the director of Shanghai Cell Therapy Engineering Technology Research Center. He introduced us to the root cause of the high incidence of , and proposed the plan to cure more advanced tumors in the next ten years .

The probability of a person's cancer first depends on the number of cell divisions. The longer you live, the more the number of divisions. Second, look at the ability of immune cells to remove. As people get older, immune cells remove fewer and fewer atypical cells, that is, their ability to remove less and less.

From these two points, the most fundamental reason for the frequent occurrence of cancer in China is aging. Although environmental pollution and family history are important causes of cancer, it is aging that makes cancer prone. This is the city with the highest incidence of cancer in China is Shanghai. Because Shanghai is the city with the longest life expectancy in China, about the same as Switzerland.

When we talk about immunotherapy, we need to distinguish between specific immunity and non-specific immunity.