"zero degree" refers to 0 degrees specified by the Celsius temperature scale. There are zero degrees above and below zero, and there is a zero degree that is only above zero but not below zero. It is 0 degrees specified by the Kelvin micro-temperature scale, and is absolutely Zero degrees . So why is absolute zero not minus zero? To understand absolute zero, you first need to understand what temperature is?
The essence of temperature is the intensity of molecular motion of an object. The kinetic energy of atoms , molecules and other particles in a substance determines the temperature of the substance. The temperature of the substance is positively correlated with the kinetic energy of the particle, that is, the higher the kinetic energy of the particle, the higher the temperature. To give an inappropriate analogy, isn't the faster you run, the warmer you are? Do you think you are the only one moving? The little particles in your body are also moving fast.
In theory, in our universe. There is no upper limit to the temperature. The temperature of the sun is about 6,000 degrees, and the temperature of an atomic bomb explosion is as high as 15 million degrees, but the temperature has a lower limit, which is absolute zero. The limit value reached by the temperature of an object is a value that is infinitely close and cannot be reached. The value of absolute zero is minus 273.15 degrees. Absolute zero only exists in the lower limit in theory. Its thermodynamic temperature scale unit is Kelvin , and the zero point of the Kelvin temperature scale is absolute zero. Some people may ask, if the temperature reaches absolute zero in an instant, will life end?
The lowest temperature that human beings can withstand is between minus 60 degrees and minus 70 degrees. If it exceeds the limit of human endurance, human beings will freeze to death. Therefore, we can only feel the horror of low temperature through the existing low temperature environment. The low temperature limit for life to survive is minus 170 degrees. Such a temperature not only cannot survive for human beings, but even complex creatures in the Ice Age cannot survive.Studies have shown that some simple organisms can survive in this environment, such as Escherichia coli, Typhoid Bacillus and Staphylococcus pyogenes can survive at minus 170 degrees. But in a colder state, they won't survive either.
In the cold universe space, the temperature of interstellar dust can be as low as minus 260 degrees. And here there is only dust and no life. It can be seen that we have frozen to death before reaching absolute zero, and even the simplest life is not spared. So, if the existing life reaches absolute zero in an instant, will it be frozen instantly like in the movie and TV drama? In an extreme world, the world is not what we ordinary people expect, and it will not be frozen in an instant. In the state of absolute zero in classical thermodynamics, all thermal motion will stop and the properties and states of matter will undergo unexpected changes. .
The density of matter returns to zero, everything is still without movement, and there is no release and input of energy. In a world without density, all the laws of physics would no longer work. Even gravity, the master of how the universe works, will cease to exist. Absolute zero is when the kinetic energy of a particle is as low as the lowest point of quantum mechanics , and the molecule hardly moves. At this point, matter is not present in our usual liquid, solid and gaseous states, and they converge into unique superatoms that, if you can see, look like a single entity. Particles cannot be completely still, and absolute zero cannot be reached. In the view of quantum mechanics, all particle states are uncertain, and its energy and momentum are both uncertain. If the particle is absolutely stationary, then the theory of quantum mechanics no longer applies, everything becomes measurable in terms of momentum and energy, however this is impossible.
The low temperature that is closest to absolute zero that people have created at present is one-thirty millionth of a degree away from absolute zero, but it can only be infinitely close, but it is impossible to truly get absolute zero. Since life cannot survive at low temperatures, and light is not life, what is it like at absolute zero? The main forms we know so far are gas, liquid and solid. The three most common, there are also less common fermion condensate and plasma state , and Bose-Einstein condensate. Bose-Einstein condensates are Bose atoms, superfluid states of matter that thread when cooled to near absolute zero, a world where light does not exist.
Because there is light, there must be energy input, and there is absolutely no energy input in the state of absolute zero. If the temperature can be infinitely close to absolute zero, is there any possibility of freezing? The answer is yes, light is composed of photons , photons are bosons, and atomic superfluid will be formed when infinitely close to absolute zero, and the picture will be like mercury pouring. There is also a kind of energy and vacuum energy in the state of absolute zero. Theoretically speaking, in a vacuum state, any energy should disappear, but there is still a special energy, that is, the vacuum zero-point energy, which is the most basic energy for particle vibration only at absolute zero. In the state of absolute zero, the quantum vacuum is a state of matter without any entity, and its energy field and matter motion are in the most initial state, which has the potential to change infinitely.
Scientists hope to observe the physical properties of matter at low temperature through the study of low temperature. The first person to propose absolute zero was Boyle, the father of chemists.He believed that there is a minimum temperature inside the earth because of the observation that potassium nitrate, commonly known as saltpeter, dissolves in water and absorbs a lot of heat. It now appears that this view is not correct. But it also provided a beginning for a field of human physics. For example, although the theory that the earth is the center of the universe is not correct, it has also contributed to the astronomy of later generations.
Although he is not the correct understanding, but he marks a kind of exploration of absolute zero. After Joule et al. conducted in-depth research on thermodynamics, Kelvin gave the result, which is the current definition of absolute zero. The study of absolute zero has confirmed the correctness of the big bang theory . In a corner of the universe that we can't see with the naked eye, a place called the Jaiba Nebula. The temperature there is minus 272 degrees, which is the closest place to absolute zero in the nature of the universe. The Boomerang Nebula is only about one degree above absolute zero.
The popularity here is from the Big Bang, and what has survived to this day is strong evidence of the Big Bang Theory. Although it is impossible to reach absolute zero, the research on absolute zero has brought a lot of theoretical results to human beings. It provides scientists with a lot of strong evidence for the study of this universe, and brings more possibilities for the future of mankind.
