When we were young, someone asked what your dream was when you grew up? I believe many friends have said that when I grow up I want to be a pilot, an astronaut, I want to fly to the blue sky, to the universe, staring at the twinkling galaxy in the vast universe, and looking into the boundless universe. When I grow up I realize that dreams are often cruel!
Since the world's first astronaut Yuri Gagarin flew to space on Orient One in 1961, astronauts have been a mysterious profession that many people are curious and yearning for. Astronauts from 38 countries in the world now fly to the sky.
So if you want to become an astronaut, what are the requirements? What is the salary of astronauts?
To become an astronaut, in addition to having good physical fitness and physical fitness, you must also have considerable academic qualifications and professional simulation training, and finally have the opportunity to become an astronaut for the space agency and . Station completes important tasks.
First of all, astronauts must have degrees in engineering, biology, physics or mathematics, and a higher degree will be necessary. The most important task of astronauts is to explore the universe, assist the satellite and the space telescope, and provide us on the earth with the latest information, satellite positioning, etc.
They will also conduct some experiments in outer space . In addition to conducting comparative experiments on the survival of living things on the earth and outer space, they will also solve some problems that humans may face in the future in space survival. In addition, astronauts must master the operation of the spacecraft's piloting and various equipment in the cabin. This shows that professional knowledge of mathematical engineering is essential for astronauts.
Astronauts have a scientist's mind and must have a healthy and strong body. Therefore, physical training occupies a large proportion in the training of astronauts to maintain and improve the physical fitness and health of the astronauts. Astronauts have higher requirements for weight, endurance, speed, flexibility, flexibility, muscles and other aspects than ordinary pilots. They follow the requirements of the training syllabus and insist on two hours of physical training three times a week. In order to control weight, many astronauts insist on running 5000 meters every day. With basic physical stamina, they have to adapt to the state of weightlessness in a simulated environment. Finally, in addition to professional knowledge, physical training and simulation training, astronauts must also have a strong mental state, and must be brave, calm, strong, and decisive. Good psychological quality. In an environment that is monotonous and lacks human interaction, astronauts need to try to adjust their mentality in order to complete the mission efficiently.
Armstrong said when he set foot on the moon in 1969, "My small step is a big step for mankind." The mission of astronauts is difficult, and every breakthrough represents the progress of mankind, so becoming an astronaut is absolutely It is not easy.
According to a 2017 report, NASA announced the results of astronaut selection and a total of 18,300 people signed up, but only 7 men and 5 women were admitted, setting a record of the lowest acceptance rate of 0.066%.
The global population is more than 7 billion, and there are only about 400 astronauts. So what is the salary of this kind of high-risk employment rate and extremely low job?
According to Russian media reports, the average monthly salary of astronauts in this country is about 1,500 to 3,500 US dollars. If astronauts perform missions in space, they will be given an additional 2,500 US dollars. The treatment of Chinese astronauts is similar to that of Russia.
According to the Canadian Hanhe Defense Review, China’s aerospace grading allowance is set at level five, standard level four is $1700 per month, level three is $2300 per month, level two is $3,000 per month, level one is $4,100 per month, $5,300 per month. In addition, the space training allowance is also set to five levels. Astronauts enjoy the standard during the training period. The fourth level is 900 dollars per month, the third level is 1,000 dollars per month, the second level is 1,400 dollars per month, the first level is 1,700 dollars per month, and the special level is monthly. 2000 dollars.
Compared with Russia and China, European and American astronauts have higher salaries. According to reports and data on the total number of space in Europe, the starting salary of European astronauts is 6200 per month.The U.S. dollar jumps and can rise up to $8,900 per month, while the salary of American astronauts is the highest in the world. According to the data of NASA, the annual salary of ordinary Pacific astronauts will be compiled according to the US federal government’s total star list. The starting salary starts at 5,500 US dollars per month, and can rise up to 12,000 US dollars per month. If astronauts go to outer space to perform Task, the monthly salary will reach 14,000 US dollars.
In February 2020, NASA will launch the Artemis mission to return to the moon, announcing the hiring of new astronauts, and plans to have the first female astronaut to land on the moon and a male spaceflight in 2024 Sent to the surface of the moon. The goal is to build a space station on the moon. After a lapse of 4 years, NASA once again publicly recruited astronauts. In terms of annual salary, Lhasa stated that the minimum salary for astronauts is US$104,898 per year and the highest is US$161,141. In addition, NASA also requires applicants to have a master's degree or doctorate degree in STEM related fields. Not only must they have a high degree, the applicant must also have more than two years of professional work experience. After the applicant submits the online application, he still needs to pass the two-hour online assessment to successfully complete the first level of registration. Next, applicants need to go through a long and complicated interview and training process. NASA will invite about 120 qualified people for on-site interviews. Then do further physical fitness tests. The official said that the final list may not be officially announced until 2021.
After passing the screening and admission, the prospective astronauts will undergo two-year training. Some trainees who have participated in the training said in an interview with foreign media that the course content is like the intensity of completing a four-year university course in two years. . In addition to the theoretical part, trainees also need a lot of physical training. These trainings are different from general physical training sports because they are all set for going to space. However, even if you have undergone a series of training, it does not mean that you are ready to go to space, because the work of astronauts also includes conducting experimental research and repairing hardware, so they need to follow the tasks that they have the opportunity to participate in. And receive additional training. These training needs to be calculated in years. If you are assigned to work on the International Space Station for 6 months, you must first receive an additional 2 to 3 years of training on Earth. After training, if you can pass the exam, you can officially become an astronaut.
After officially becoming astronauts, what will their work be like? The work of
astronauts can be divided into two aspects, one is on the ground and the other is in space. On the ground, the main job of astronauts is training. If the astronauts do not have a clear mission, they will maintain training. If the astronauts need to participate in the mission, they have to receive about one and a half years of space mission training, and about half a year. Intensive training. After the mission is completed, the astronauts will also continue to do recovery training. Hard training is the main job of the astronauts. Of course, astronauts will also make suggestions on the design of spacecraft equipment and installations and participate in social activities. When in space, the work of astronauts is completely different from that on the ground. The flight manual is the work schedule of the astronauts. It specifies the tasks that each astronaut needs to complete at different times, such as scientific research.
In addition, astronauts are also divided into different categories such as commander, pilot, and flight engineer. The job of each type of astronaut is different. The commander is the highest commander, the pilot is mainly responsible for manipulating and controlling the manned spacecraft, and the flight engineer is responsible for the equipment management and maintenance of the manned spacecraft.
But there is one content that everyone must complete, and that is physical exercise. Because weightless flight can cause muscle atrophy and bone loss in astronauts, physical exercise must be used to maintain the health of astronauts. Compared with ordinary office workers, the income of astronauts on duty may be pretty good. However, compared with professionals in some professional industries, such as finance, medical treatment, and law, astronauts may be jobs that are not proportional to the rewards. But in fact, they are not only doing this job for money, but simply yearning for the universe. Because one can find something more yearning for than money in one's life, and it really lives up to this life!
