People always say that the sun is an indispensable existence for human beings, and once the sun disappears, human beings will no longer exist.
Burning sun
If the sun "extinguishes" on one day, how long will it take for humans to sense it? Is it 8 minutes?
is not, to be precise, 10000 .
Will the sun "extinguish"?
Theoretically speaking, the sun will eventually wait for the day to go out, and the key is how the sun goes out.
Burning sun
If naturally extinguishes , then the sun still has at least 5 billion years of life, because the content of hydrogen element in it is still sufficient, and it is still a long time before the sun evolves to the next stage.
is not only the sun, but all stars in the universe rely on the energy generated by the internal hydrogen element nuclear fusion , transferring light and heat to a further place, continuously providing heat for the entire universe.
nuclear fusion reaction principle
For the universe, stars are like heating balloons, always heating themselves.
But its heating also has a day when is exhausted from . This day is when all the hydrogen elements disappear. The star will completely turn into an white dwarf until it cools down and finally becomes black dwarf .
If the nuclear fusion inside the sun is terminated due to external reasons, its extinguishing will be very sudden.
Of course, this is just an imaginary. In fact, humans have not observed the sudden extinction of stars.
Let’s take the latter as an example today, assuming that the sun has an unnaturally shutdown.
When the sun goes off, humans can sense it in 8 minutes and become extinct in less than a year.
The reason is that the time when the sun's light reaches the earth is 8 minutes. After the sun is turned off, the earth will fall into darkness within 8 minutes.
But the actual situation is not what everyone imagines.
10,000 years
To be precise, after the sun is turned off, it will take at least 10,000 years for humans to feel it without using any instruments.
Because although the earth is shut down, it does not mean that its light and heat will disappear immediately.
is like burnt red charcoal, which only becomes charred after more than ten seconds of cooling.
The sun also has a cooling process after the flameout is turned off, but the cooling process of the sun is longer and takes 10,000 years.
At this time, everyone will inevitably have some doubts. Can the sun really cool down for so long after it is turned off?
You should know that the sun itself is a huge nuclear reactor . As long as the internal nuclear reaction is sufficient, the temperature can be kept for a long time.
Reaction principle diagram of nuclear reactors and nuclear power plants
So far, the fusion reaction inside the sun has lasted for about 5 billion years. After it is turned off, maintaining light and heat for 10,000 years is no problem.
10000 years later, the heat inside the sun will decay over time, and it is impossible to maintain the existing supply of the earth's heat energy and light sources. People will gradually feel the weakening of light and the reduction of heat.
It will take hundreds of millions of years or even longer to truly cool down into a heat-free planet.
The sun becomes a white dwarf, and then completely cools down and becomes a black dwarf for 20 billion years, which is longer than the birth of the universe, .
White dwarf CG
Therefore, it is impossible for humans to discover the existence of black dwarfs in the universe at present.
Since the cooling of the sun has a decay process, what will happen to the earth after the sun completely cools down?
The ending of human beings
Of course, everyone can guess the ending of all human beings. The key is how long will this happen and what will happen?
Astronomers speculate that after the sun completely cools down for one week, the temperature on the earth's surface will drop to minus 70 degrees Celsius.
The earth's surface no longer has day and night and of day and seasons, and human beings will always be in the cold night.
Many plants on the earth will wither and cause chain reactions, leading to the reduction of herbivores and higher organisms, and the ecosystem is severely damaged.
Nature is linked together
A week later, the earth's biodiversity will be greatly reduced, and all endangered animals are now extinct.
And humans have moved to underground with necessary daily necessities, relying on precious hidden energy to maintain the status quo.
As time goes by, the temperature on the ground will become lower and lower, and the places where people live will gradually move downward.
Because the center of the earth has temperature, and the soil on the surface can also well isolate the low temperature on the ground.
Therefore, humans can survive underground for a considerable period of time. During the film, the top scientists from various countries will unite to develop energy equipment and oxygen devices that can be used continuously by humans.
If successful, human civilization will last longer. Perhaps in a longer period of time, some solution can be found.
If it fails, humans will face the unprecedented disaster of .
In about 500,000 to 1 million years, the temperature of the earth dropped to around minus 250 degrees Celsius, which may be even lower, but will never be higher than minus 200 degrees Celsius.
At this time, even the depths of the ocean had already formed thick ice. No advanced creature could survive in such a cold environment, even the underground humans could not do it.
Earth becomes ice hockey
At this time, what is the situation of human beings?
has many possibilities. The first is that humans have found some solution, living comfortably in the center of the earth, or have escaped from the earth, and found other habitable star system in the solar system.
Another way is that humans have been frozen in the soil layer.
According to the principle of freezing technology , if the environmental conditions are appropriate, humans can retain the necessary life characteristics in an environment below minus 196 degrees Celsius.
As long as the future technology is mature enough, these frozen humans have a complete possibility of awakening.
It is also possible that some people are frozen on the earth, and the other people fly out of the solar system to find the light of hope for humans.
Wandering Earth Concept
Therefore, as a high-level species, the possibilities that humans have are diverse.
After watching the ending of humans, many friends will be curious. If the sun goes out, will the earth still revolve around the sun?
The answer is yes. As long as the sun's mass always exists, the earth must always revolve around the sun.
According to the universal gravity of Newton , the larger the mass of an object, the greater the gravitational effect it produces.
So the gravitational action of the sun has nothing to do with whether it burns or not. What really determines its mass and volume.
After the sun is turned off, the solar system will also run as usual.
However, how such a sun will evolve is a question worth thinking about, after all, the hydrogen element reaction is not sufficient.
Hydrogen element is one of the basic elements that make up all things
At this time, it is called a black dwarf. It lacks the characteristics of a black dwarf, but the evolution process of the sun will not continue.
This question is only left to scientists to think about. Let’s take a look at the final outcome of the earth.
The ending of the earth
All living things on the earth will not disappear. In the deepest part of the ocean, there are also some submarine craters that emit faint heat energy, and low-level organisms can survive on organic matter.
In order to adapt to the environment, all surviving low-level organisms will degenerate into single-cell organisms .
Single-celled organisms: a creature with only one cell
Maybe one day, the earth will break free from the gravity of the sun for unknown reasons and wander in the universe .
If you are lucky enough to be attracted by other star systems, and stay on habitable zone , then the creatures on Earth will likely evolve into advanced intelligent creatures again.
livable humans with planet
New era will also come.
