1987 Bronze Statue of Li Xun, Institute of Metals, Chinese Academy of Sciences, unveiling ceremony
text/ Chen Shengqiao
The author forwarded an article introducing Li Xun, an academician of Shaodong , two days ago. After reading the article, many fellow villagers were very happy and proud of the creation of such a great scientist in Shaodong, and were also very surprised. For example, a fellow villager from 号王机 asked me through a private message: "Has Academician Li Xun really been born in Xihu Village, Yejiping Town? I really didn't expect that a 号王机 came out of 号王机" in the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He also said, "This is the best role model for guiding and educating children in my hometown. I wonder if the town government has sorted out these materials as role models for student education."
As Dr. Li Yuping, Vice President of Beijing Shaodong Chamber of Commerce, said: " President Li Xun is the vice president of our Chinese Academy of Sciences and the founder of Shenyang Institute of Metals. To this day, the Institute of Metals has a very high strength in the material field. Academician Li Xun is a master-level metallurgy and materials expert, and is still the academic ceiling of our Shaodong hometown. Shenyang Institute of Metals, for example, after Li Xun, he was born in the material field, Changxuhh, the master of materials field, after Li Xun, he was a master of the material field. tml4, you may have heard of it. Lu Ke, the youngest academician at that time, is now the vice governor. In short, Li Xun is much better than everyone imagines. ”
In order to give everyone a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of Academician Li Xun, the author wrote this article from the perspective of introducing Academician Li Xun's family background and his outstanding contribution to the country, hoping to play an active role in promoting local culture and spreading the excellent deeds of his ancestors.
1. Academician Li Xun’s family background
According to the official website of the Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, "Li Xun, whose courtesy name is Wenjie. Born on November 20, 1913 in the Li family in Dachong near Shetianqiao, Zhongdong Township, Shaoyang County, Hunan Province, it is a local scholarly family. His father and grandfather were both scholars in the late Qing Dynasty." Baidu Encyclopedia also has an introduction to Li Xun’s family background: "On November 20, 1913, Li Xun was born in Renfeng Township, Shaoyang County, Hunan Province. He is a local scholar. His father and grandfather were both scholars from the late Qing Dynasty." Baidu Encyclopedia also has an introduction to Li Xun’s family background: "On November 20, 1913, Li Xun was born in Renfeng Township, Shaoyang County, Hunan Province. Toucun. Grandfather was a juren from the Qing Dynasty. His father was a tribute student in the Qing Dynasty in the Qing Dynasty and was a classmate with Cai E. . "
to be honest. Although the above-mentioned text introducing Academician Li Xun cannot be said to be a big mistake, there are undoubtedly inappropriate and inaccurate points, because the birthplace of Academician Li Xun mentioned in it was an old place name in the Republic of China and before, and the eastern part of Lao Shaoyang County was precipitated in 1952 and established Shaodong County, the original title no longer applies. It can easily mislead readers to think that Academician Li Xun is from Shaoyang County today rather than Shaodong. Moreover, the place names "Shetianqiao" and "Renfeng Township" mentioned respectively are easily mistakenly believed that Academician Li Xun is from Shetianqiao, Shaodong, not from Feijiping, while the latter is "Renfeng Township", and the "Feng" among them should be "Feng", because the history of Lao Shaoyang County only has Renfeng Township, but not Renfeng Township.
Academician Li Xun's former residence in Xihu Village, Yejiping Town, Shaodong
The author combines information from all parties and can be said with certainty that the birthplace of Academician Li Xun should be written today as "Guangtangchong, Xihu Village, Yejiping Town, Shaodong City, Hunan Province". This place belongs to Renfeng Township, Lao Shaoyang County in , Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. After the founding of New China, Lao Renfeng Township was dismantled into Jianjialong Township, Gaoqiao Township, Yejiping Township, and Gaolou Township, while Guantangchong belongs to Gaolou Township; in 1995, the district was abolished and the township was merged, and Gaolou Township was merged into Yeji Township (later changed to town), so Guantangchong is now Xihu Village, Yejiping Town.
Online articles all say that Academician Li Xun was born in a scholarly family, and this is undoubtedly true.
There is an old saying: "The dragon gives birth to the dragon, the phoenix gives birth to the phoenix, and the mouse's son digs a hole in the ground." Although this statement is suspected of being a generalized, it also shows that a person's genetic gene, especially the influence of family traditions, is extremely important for promoting talent. The reason why Academician Li Xun is outstanding is also due to his extraordinary family background.
According to fellow villagers in Yejiping Town, Shaodong, the Li family in Guantangchong, the local prestigious family is a well-known local family. This tribe has always produced many talents. Li Zengxiao, the grandfather of Academician Li Xun, was a juren from the late Qing Dynasty and served as a lecturer at Zidong Academy, one of the four major academies in Shaodong. Li Xun's father Li Benshen was Li Zengxiao's eldest son. He became a scholar at the age of 13 and received a tribute at the age of 15 (he was selected and recommended to study in the Imperial College). When Li Benshen was a child, he had been in a private school in the countryside with General Cai E for many years. After the founding of the Republic of China, Li Benshen graduated from the Hunan Legislative School and went to Beijing to apply for the county magistrate (county magistrate) in 1915. In the early years of the Republic of China, he served as the magistrate of Anyuan and Dingnan . Li Xun's mother is Liu Zhenxiu. Although she has never studied, she is quite knowledgeable and has given birth to four sons. Li Xun is ranked third.
About Academician Li Xun's grandfather and father are tribute students and juren, many people do not know their value. I will briefly introduce them here: The Qing Dynasty Baoqingfu (including today's Shaoyang City + Loudi City ) held a scholar examination, once a year, there are four or five thousand references, but the fixed admission quota is only 28, and the admission rate is less than 1%. The tribute students are recommended to study from previous scholars, and Baoqingfu has a rare place in a year; the juren exam is a unified examination in the province, which is once every three years, with more than 10,000 references (the candidates must be scholars and pass the scientific examination), and only about 50 people are admitted in each session, with an admission rate of only 0.5%, which is equivalent to one of two hundred people. Academician Li Xun’s grandfather was a juren and his father was a tribute, which means that they were all scholars from a thousand years to choose from.
It is worth mentioning that many people take Li Xun's name for course and think that "Xun" is a mistaken writing, and the word "grass" on it should be removed, but in fact it is not the case. In fact, except for Li Xun's name, the other three brothers, each of the other three brothers has the name of the word "cao": the eldest brother is Li E, the second brother is Li Fen, and the fourth brother is Li Zi. What is commendable is that the four brothers of Li have all achieved success. The eldest brother Li E graduated from the National Beijing Law and Political University and left home very early to have an independent portal. The second brother Li Fen was the deputy chief engineer of the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge. During his lifetime, he made outstanding contributions to the construction of the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge; the fourth brother Li Yi, who was once a professor of University of Science and Technology of China, was an expert in electronics and antennas.
is influenced by family tradition, and Li Xun is even more outstanding. He followed his father to study in Jiangxi in elementary school. In junior high school, he first studied at Changjun Middle School in Changsha, Hunan, and entered Changsha Yueyun High School. After graduating from high school in 1932, Li Xun was admitted to Tsinghua University , but because of her family's decline, she gave up studying in the north and chose to enroll in the Department of Mining and Metallurgical Science and Technology of Hunan University. In 1937, Hunan held a public-funded study abroad examination. Li Xun was admitted to one of the three places in the province and entered the School of Metallurgy, Sheffield University, UK for further studies in September of that year.
Li Xun is in the laboratory of the University of Sheffield
At the University of Sheffield, Li Xun obtained his doctorate degree (Doctor of Philosophy) in just 3 years. Later, he was responsible for studying the cause of the crack of the bearing of the RAF aircraft. It was discovered that the hydrogen content in steel is the mystery of the fracture of the steel shaft, and proposed a complete hydrogen removal technology for steelmaking. His scientific research results caused a sensation in the Western world. In March 1951, Li Xun was awarded a doctorate in metallurgy by Sheffield University, becoming the first Asian in history to receive a "Doctor of Metallurgy" and one of the few people in the school to obtain a double doctorate.
2. Academician Li Xun made outstanding contributions to the country
Li Xun was invited by Guo Moruo (then the president of Chinese Academy of Sciences) in November 1950, and returned to his motherland that had been away for 14 years in August of the following year. Shortly after returning to China, after in-depth investigations of several steel plants such as Anshan , Fushun , Dalian, he resolutely decided to give up the proposal of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to establish the Institute of Metals in Beijing, and advocated the establishment of the Institute in Shenyang, which is far away from Beijing and has a hard life but is most in line with the actual needs. His move shows that his original intention of returning to China was not to pursue enjoyment, but to make solid contributions to the country.
From the winter of 1951 to Shenyang Nanhu, the construction of the Metal Research Institute, and to the business trip in March 1983 to inspect the steel enterprises in the southwest region and suddenly passed away in Kunming. Academician Li Xun presided over the work of the Metal Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences for more than 30 years. He has devoted his life to promoting the development of cutting-edge science and technology in my country, and has devoted his life to the Metal Research Institute and achieved outstanding achievements.
(I) Promote the development of cutting-edge national defense science and technology
Regarding Academician Li Xun's scientific and technological achievements, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the "Two Bombs and One Satellite" Memorial Hall of Celebrities commented on him: "Li Xun (1913-1983), a physical metallurgist, metal physicist, and a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Department (1955). Founded and led the Chinese Academy of Sciences for a long time. It is a research institute with high-temperature alloys as the focus, develops cutting-edge materials, and provides atomic bomb materials and technologies; carry out research on casting high-temperature alloys; leads the development of metal uranium nuclear fuel components; develops high-temperature aerospace materials, etc. "
Academician Li Xun discusses issues with workers on the front line of production
and has only more than a hundred words in the evaluation, but it has a very heavy weight. For non-professionals, looking at the above text may be like a cloud of mist and it is difficult to understand. Let me give you a few examples to illustrate.
For example, in the mid-to-late 1950s, my country's rolled jet turbine blades had reached their limits. To increase flight speed, new paths must be opened. In 1959, Li Xun proposed to abandon the traditional rolling method and use precision casting to test-made high-temperature alloy turbine blades. However, the project proposed by Li Xun was rejected by people affected by the Soviet scientific and technological route at that time; after the trial production was made, the relevant departments did not dare to try it. In this regard, Li Xun unswervingly adhered to his own proposition. Later, the development of science and technology proved that his proposition was correct and made great contributions to the promotion of my country's aerospace industry. To this day, countries around the world still use casting methods to manufacture aircraft turbine blades.
Another example is that the country developed an atomic bomb in the early 1960s. At that time, the core fuel component factory extracted the core component of the atomic bomb - the uranium rod, according to the methods of Soviet experts. No matter how hard it is, it cannot solve the problem of honeycomb bubbles and hollowness in the extracted uranium ingots. This problem was reflected to the Institute of Metal Research. Li Xun organized technical personnel to study and research the problem, and immediately found a solution, successfully manufacturing a qualified uranium rod, making great contributions to my country's successful development of the first atomic bomb.
For example, in the critical period when my country made artificial satellite in 1970, a key project task of "705-1" issued to the Metal Institute, issued to the Metal Institute. The content of this mission is to develop a high-temperature and oxidation-resistant protective coat - "skin" for my country's first artificial satellite to return to the ground, to prevent the high temperature generated by satellite from passing through the atmosphere and burning the satellite equipped with precious instruments and data. Premier Zhou criticized this eight words: "Safe and reliable, foolproof." A brother of the Chinese Academy of Sciences did not chew on this task and transferred it to the Institute of Metals. Li Xun accepted it without hesitation. Under his leadership, the participants worked hard to solve the problem. After 20 days of hard fighting, they successfully tried to produce the first batch of qualified satellite protective cover plates, ensuring the successful launch and recycling of China's first satellite.
(II) Promote the development of cutting-edge civilian technology
In the early days of the founding of New China, steel was urgently needed, so the first five-year plan formulated a national development guideline of "steel as the basis". In order to cooperate with the implementation of this strategic goal, Li Xun led the Institute of Metals to take improving the quality of steel as the main research direction of the institute.
As a scientist who knows that the control of gases in steel is important to the quality of steel products, when Li Xun founded the Institute of Metals, he decided to use gases in metals as one of the research directions, and attached great importance to guiding the team to solve practical problems. For example, the Angang working group solved the problem of layering (interlayer) in medium and thick steel at that time; the Fugang Working Group solved the problem of axial cracks in 1Cr13 stainless steel ingots; the Dagang Working Group successfully tested the electric furnace oxygen steelmaking technology.Many scientific and technological achievements created by Li Xun and Metal are still used by steel companies today, greatly improving the efficiency of electric furnace smelting and creating immeasurable economic benefits.
Academician Li Xun, such as the above cases of promoting cutting-edge national defense technology and cutting-edge civilian technology, are endless.
(III) Committed to cultivating cutting-edge scientific and technological talents
In the Chinese Academy of Sciences' column "Commemorating the Centenary of Mr. Li Xun's Centenary Birth", many colleagues and subordinates of Academician Li Xun wrote a lovely article to commemorate him. He is not only an outstanding scientist, but also a good leader who is good at attracting and attracting talents from all over the world and inspiring everyone to climb the peak of science and technology.
Academician Li Xun guides young people to carry out their work
It is understood that during his tenure as the director of the Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Li Xun attached great importance to strengthening the training of young people in the institute: First, we require everyone to study foreign languages at a rapid pace; second, we focus on basic training; third, we strengthen basic skills training. While conducting training, strict assessment and evaluation are also carried out as the basis for promotion and promotion. Under his guidance, even young college students, after several years of training, have quickly grown into independent talents and actively participated in the development research of the national metallurgical industry and national defense cutting-edge technology.
For Li Xun, who focused on cultivating cutting-edge scientific and technological talents, served as Li Xun's assistant, and later became an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and was known as the top domestic metals and materials scientist and strategic scientist, wrote a short article titled "Li Xun has established a solid foundation for the healthy development of the Institute of Metals" clearly pointed out: "Li Xun started from scratch when she founded the Institute of Metals and made a wise decision at that time: side training, On the side, there are also a group of scientific and technological personnel going to the factory: they have not only been trained, but also strengthened their relationship with the company, thus forming a theoretical and practical style, and creating good conditions for the promotion of future research results."
According to insiders, dozens of young talents who worked under Li Xun and received his guidance have now become famous scientists, many of whom serve as chief engineers or deputy chief engineers of national projects, and many are elected as academicians. Therefore, some people say that Li Xun is "the supervisor of many academicians and an academician among the academicians."
Author profile: Chen Shengqiao, from Shaodong, Hunan. A local knowledge disseminator who does not receive wages. He focuses on writing local history and geography in his spare time, hoping to do his best to popularize historical common sense, especially the local history of Da Shaoyang.
