On October 3, Beijing time, the list of winners of the "2022 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine " was announced. Swedish Scientist Svante Pääbo (Svante Pääbo) won the award in recognition of his discovery of the genome of the extinct human race and the human evolution .
Father was also the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
On April 20, 1955, Swant Parbo was born in Stockholm, Sweden. His mother was the chemist Kaylene Parbo who went into exile from Estonian to Sweden; his father was Swedish biochemist Suen Bergstromron . In 1982, he won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of prostaglandins and their related biological active substances. Because he was an illegitimate child , Pabo grew up with his mother since childhood.
At a young age, Pabo showed interest in archaeological research, and his room was filled with fragments of pottery made by prehistoric Swedes. At the age of thirteen, Pabo and his mother went to Egypt for a vacation. They first came into contact with mummy and had the idea of studying mummies. Therefore, in 1975, I initially entered Uppsala University . In 1986, he obtained a Ph.D. from Uppsala University.
In 1990, he became a professor at the University of Munich, Germany, and in 1997, he served as director of the MaxPu Institute of Evolutionary Anthropology. In 1999, the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology was founded in Leipzig, Germany, and is still active in the institute today. At the same time, he is also an academician of the National Academy of Sciences in the United States, Sweden and other countries.
Parbo was awarded the Gottfried William Leibniz Award from the German Science Foundation in 1992. In 2007, it was named one of the 100 most influential people in the world of "Time". In 2008, he was named one of the 8 Science Heroes of the Year by "New Scientist". In 2016, it won the " Science Breakthrough Prize " (Breakthrough Prize), known as the luxurious version of " Nobel Prize ".
pioneered paleogenomics and discovered the mystery of human evolution through genes!
The academic community has long been controversial about where we humans come from.
As one of the founders of paleogenetics, Svanter Parbo successfully measured the extinct ancient human - mitochondrial DNA of Neanderthal through ancient DNA technology, and drew and published a sketch of the Neanderthal genome in the journal Science.
In 1997, Pabo and colleagues reported the sequencing results of Neanderthal mitochondrial DNA, which was the first time scientists extracted DNA from an extinct human and successfully sequenced it. More importantly, Svanter Parbo proves that human ancestors were once so close to Neanderthals. Since then, Parbo has been committed to the study of Neanderthals.
Nobel Prize Committee believes that Svanter Parbo established a new scientific discipline - paleogenetics. He extracted, sequenced and sketched Neanderthal genomes from fossils and analyzed the genetic differences between all modern humans and extinct humans. His discoveries provide the basis for exploring why we are unique humans. In addition, he also sensationally discovered a previously unknown race - Denisovan .
"Humans have always been curious about their origins. Where do we come from, what do we have to do with those who were before us? What makes us, Homo sapiens , different from other humans?" The Nobel Prize Committee's award statement read.
According to the award statement, Parbo also found that after moving out of Africa about 70,000 years ago, the genes were transferred from the now extinct race to Homo sapiens. This ancient gene flow to today’s humans has physiological significance today, such as affecting the response of our immune system to infection.(Zhao Mengmeng Kong Tianjiao)
Reference materials:
1, Nobel in medicine awarded to Svante Pääbo for discoveries on human evolution, By Carolyn Y. Johnson, October 3, 2022, Nobel in medicine awarded to Svante Pääbo for discoveries on human evolution - The Washington Post
2, Meet Svante Paabo, the 2022 Nobel Prize winner in Medicine. His father won it in 1982, October 3, 2022, Meet Svante Paabo, the 2022 Nobel Prize winner in Medicine. His father won it in 1982 - SCIENCE News (indiatoday.in)
