The energy problems around the world are all dependent on a kind of "ice", which is combustible ice .
Why can ice burn? Because the component of this ice is not water, but natural gas , simply put it is ice formed by natural gas.
Combustible ice burning
Combustible ice is similar to compressed natural gas solid matter, and a standard volume of combustible ice is equivalent to 164 cubic meters of natural gas.
is just such combustible ice, which is naturally not simply obtained, it is hidden deep.
platform for mining combustible ice
burning ice
combustible ice is the same as natural gas, and its main components are methane , but combustible ice is another form of methane - hydrate .
Natural gas, like oil, is stored in in the crust of , but it is in the shallow surface layer of .
and combustible ice is methane in the deep layer of the earth's crust. Because has high pressure, low temperature and water , it forms a solid substance with the same appearance as ice.
So the scientific name of combustible ice is natural gas hydrate , is a special form of natural gas , which can be burned, and the combustion product is mainly carbon dioxide .
combustible ice extremely structure
Due to the harsh formation conditions, combustible ice exists deep in the coastal continental shelf of and deep sea , and also exists deep in some lakes.
The predecessor of combustible ice was various organisms. After they encountered extinction, they were buried in the earth's crust, and their own organic matter formed methane over the years.
Generally speaking, combustible ice and natural gas and oil overlap with , but oil and natural gas are in the upper layer and it is in the lower layer.
According to the conditions of formation, the most combustible ice in is the Arctic and South Pole . Unfortunately, humans currently have no more combustible ice in traditional fossil energy. The combustible ice in the Arctic and South Pole is still in an unknown state.
combustible ice stored in high pressure and low temperature state
In addition to the earth, combustible ice is also believed to be widely present in the universe , and there is combustible ice in the solar system alone.
Many people believe that comet has combustible ice, so it will burn when it rubs against the atmosphere. This is why it is difficult for comets to find the remaining meteorite when they come to the earth, because the main components of comets are ice and various gases.
There is an satellite in the solar system called Titan , also known as "Titan". The main components of on it are methane and water . It has the atmosphere and the atmospheric pressure is 1.5 times that of the earth.
Ten is believed to have combustible ice
Astronomers believe that has a lot of combustible ice on Titan, and they are the foundation of this planet.
1 cubic meters of combustible ice can release 164 cubic meters of natural gas out of . In this way, it is the essence of concentratedness.
Why can't combustible ice shake the status of traditional fossil energy? The biggest reason is that the mining of combustible ice is too difficult!
Natural gas
Hardly exploited
There are very tricky places where combustible ice exists. It is either on the coastal continental shelf where land and ocean intersect, or in the deep sea, or even in the glacier-covered North and South Pole.
The first step in mining combustible ice is to find it , which means it needs to be surveyed. For shallow natural gas, no one needs to find it, it sometimes appears.
Combustible ice is hidden deep in places. To find them, you need to send deep sea detector to the seabed to look for .
This step alone has stumped many countries, because not every country has a deep-sea detector that can use . Currently, combustible ice is found in the world, without exception, all countries that have mastered deep-sea diving.
deep-sea combustible ice
The second step is to retrieve the sample and analyze it. Combustible ice is not a pure substance, and it will also be mixed with various substances in it. Some substances are not needed by humans.
The combustible ice we saw on TV is already that has been removed from impurities, so it looks cleaner and looks very similar to the solid alcohol in a restaurant.
In fact, The combustible ice just mined is so hilarious that it looks like a piece of ice mixed with a lot of soil ice cube .
After analysis, the specific reserves of combustible ice are obtained and the total number of combustible ice in their own country is estimated.
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combustible ice is difficult to preserve because it is a solid formed by water and natural gas at high and low temperatures. If the pressure decreases and the temperature increases, the structure of hydrate will be destroyed, and natural gas will escape, and combustible ice will also "melt" .
Therefore, when mining, must ensure that its pressure and temperature do not change greatly , but no matter how it is mining, there will inevitably be losses in during .
Mining combustible ice
This also increases the cost of combustible ice . If it is put into production and use, the natural gas it produces cannot be afforded by ordinary households.
In fact, no country has been able to achieve the level of large-scale commercial exploitation of combustible ice, all of which are only staying at the level of research and exploration .
my country has not fallen behind in this "ice" campaign. my country successfully collected combustible ice samples in 2007, becoming the fourth country in the world to collect combustible ice.
combustible ice mining on the sea
stories about my country and combustible ice
combustible ice has been discovered for a long time. As early as 810 was proven in the laboratory that natural gas and water can form hydrates.
Since it can be synthesized manually, such substances will also exist in nature. So in 1946, Soviet scientists plunged into the snowy Siberian searched for combustible ice . After searching for 22 years, they finally discovered combustible ice in the natural state.
In 1972, the United States collected combustible ice from the permafrost layer of Alaska , is the world's first combustible ice sample .
Since then, more and more countries have joined the search for combustible ice , hoping to find combustible ice at their own homes.
Alaska Icefield
China has joined the army of looking for "ice" since 1999, and has discovered traces of combustible ice in South China Sea and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau . and successfully obtained samples of combustible ice in 2007.
As the survey progresses, the total amount of combustible ice in my country has increased year by year. If converted into oil with the same energy, it is equivalent to 80 billion tons of oil .
You should know that my country's imported 540 million tons of oil in 2020. If these combustible ice are put into use, it will greatly slow down my country's dependence on imported oil.
Oil transport tanker
In fact, my country is also doing this. In 2021, the Academy of Engineering released "The "negative carbon" path for orderly development of marine hydrocarbon energy" , and is expected to commercially exploit combustible ice in 2030.
At the same time, my country has developed a drilling platform that can mine combustible ice " Blue Whale No. 2 ", which has successfully performed two combustible ice mining tasks.
supports mining, and naturally has voices against mining. Some academicians of the Academy of Engineering believe that instead of spending a lot of money to mine combustible ice, should invest this money in the development of new energy .
my country imports a lot of oil every year
Combustible ice is also natural gas. During its use, will still produce carbon dioxide , which is essentially no different from other fossil energy sources.
, and mining of combustible ice will destroy some continental shelf , causing the continental shelf tremor, which will bring about various subsequent negative reactions.
Internationally, we have always been cautious about the mining of combustible ice. Many geologists believe that large-scale mining of combustible ice is likely to cause changes in the surface of the earth's crust.
Continental shelf structure
Energy Curse
Although combustible ice releases huge energy, it still belongs to non-renewable fossil energy , which can solve the temporary energy crisis, but cannot solve the long-term energy demand .
Sustainable and renewable energy is the needed in the future. Among them, the ones that are highly anticipated is nuclear fusion reaction .
nuclear fusion and nuclear fission are the sources of nuclear energy we often call. They both belong to the reaction between atoms , but fission requires heavy atoms , such as uranium, plutonium , etc. They mainly come from minerals in nature and are limited resources.
uranium ore
nuclear fusion is different. Its raw material is hydrogen atom , and hydrogen atom is the most abundant substance in the entire universe , and it is everywhere on the earth.
Hydrogen atoms can extract from water. The most inseparable resource on the earth is water, especially seawater, which also makes the raw materials for nuclear fusion inexhaustible.
However, one of the threats to nuclear fusion is uncontrollable . Once it gets out of control, the entire human race will be destroyed.
The future of human beings is really hopeful for energy. is controlled nuclear fusion , which means that the nuclear fusion reaction can be stopped at any time and start at any time.
Before breaking through this technology, most of human energy needs were met by fossil energy. Every time they use a little, there will be less on the earth.
Atomic Nucleus
Combustible ice is also one of the fossil energy sources. After use, it will take a long time to form today's scale again.
