Milky Way Early Order
Historical Trace of Solar System Balance
To answer this question, we must go back to the past.
displays planets orbiting the sun (from inside to outside): Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars , Jupiter , Saturn , Uranus and Neptune . (Image source: Getty Images, Science Gallery/Mark Galik)
If you have ever observed models of the solar system, you may notice that the sun, planets, satellite and asteroids are located roughly on the same plane. But why?
To answer this question, we must trace back to the beginning of the birth of the solar system, about 4.5 billion years ago.
Astronomer Nad Hashpur on the main campus of the University of Hawaii Manoa told Life Science Network that the solar system was just a huge, rotating cloud of dust and gases . The diameter of this huge cloud is 12,000 astronomical unit (AU); 1 AU is the average distance between the earth and the sun, about 93 million miles (150 million kilometers). The cloud became so large that despite its fullness of dust and gas molecules, the cloud itself began to collapse under its own mass, Hashpur said.
As the rotating dust and gas clouds begin to collapse, it also gradually flattened. Imagine a pizza maker throwing a piece of rotating dough into the air. The dough expands while rotating, becoming thinner and flatter. This is what happened in the early solar system.
Meanwhile, in the center of this ever-flattening cloud, all the gas molecules are squeezed together and they are heated, Hashpur said. Under huge heat and pressure, the hydrogen atom and helium atom (new tag opened) fuse and initiate a billion-year-old nuclear reaction , forming a new star: the sun. Over the next 50 million years, the sun continues to grow, gathering gas and dust from around it, emitting strong heat and radiation waves. Slowly, the sun, which grew and grew, cleared the vast space around it.
As the sun grows, clouds continue to collapse, forming "a aerodynamic disk surrounding the star that becomes flatter and flatter and expands around the sun," Hashpur said.
Eventually, the nebula becomes a flat structure called the protoplanetary disk, orbiting young stars. Hashpur said the disc spans hundreds of astronomical units and is only one tenth of the thickness of this distance.
For tens of millions of years since then, the dust particles in the protoplanetary disk rotate slowly, occasionally colliding with each other, and even the particles stick together. Over millions of years, these particles became millimeters in diameter, and these became centimeter-long pebbles that continued to collide and stick together.
Finally, most of the matter in the protoplanetary disk sticks together to form huge objects. Some of these celestial bodies became so large that they formed spherical planets, dwarf planets, and satellites under the influence of gravity. The shape of other objects is not very regular, such as asteroids, comet and some small satellites.
Although these objects are of different sizes, they are roughly staying on the same plane, and here is their birthplace. Even today, the eight planets of the solar system, , and other celestial bodies, still operate at roughly the same level.
Related knowledge
The formation and evolution of the solar system began with the gravitational collapse of a small piece in a huge molecular cloud 4.6 billion years ago. Most of the mass of collapsed is concentrated in the center, forming the sun, the rest flattened and formed a protoplanetary disk, which then formed planets, satellites, meteorites and other small solar system celestial systems. This is known as the nebula hypothesis , and was first proposed by the 18th century Emmanuel Swedenburg , Emmanuel Kant and Laplace Marquis Pier-Simon.
Its subsequent development is intertwined with a variety of scientific fields such as astronomy, physics, geology, and planetology.Since the advent of the space age in the 1950s and the discovery of exoplanets in the 1990s, this model has been challenged and further refined in the process of explaining new discoveries. Since its formation, the solar system has undergone considerable changes. Many satellites are formed from a disk of gas and dust orbiting their parent star, and others are believed to have been captured or come from huge collisions (this is the case with Earth's moon).
collisions between celestial bodies have continued to occur until now and are the center of solar system evolution. Planets often migrate, and some planets have already translocated with each other [1]. This planetary migration is now believed to have played a large part in the early evolution of the solar system. Just like the birth of the sun and the planets, they will eventually perish.
About 5 billion years later, the sun will cool down and expand outwardly many times its current diameter (become a red giant ), throwing away its outer layer into a planetary nebula, and leaving behind the remains of the star called white dwarf . In the distant future, the sun's orbiting planets will gradually be swept away by the gravity of passing stars. Some of them will be destroyed, others will be thrown into space between the stars. In the end, trillions of years later, the sun will eventually be alone, and no other celestial bodies will be in the orbit of the solar system [2].
BY: JoAnna Wendel
FY: Jane
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