Chrysanthemum subfamily - Qianli Guang Family (II): Dawu Fengcao
7. Dawu Fengcao genus
Dawu Fengcao genus (scientific name: Farfugium) is a genus under the Asteraceae family and is a perennial herb. Many scholars advocate the incorporation of this genus into 公司 (Ligularia). A single species, produced in China and Japan.
(1) Morphological characteristics
perennial herbs or evergreen perennial herbs, with extremely long rhizomes, slightly enlarged neck, densely densely covered with long hair. The stems are cymbidium-shaped, without leaves or have a few bract-shaped leaves.
leaves are all basal, and when young, they are rolled into a fist-shaped shape, dense hair, lotus-shaped, the base of the petiole expands into a sheath-shaped, the leaves are kidney-shaped or nearly round kidney-shaped, and the leaves are veins-shaped.
head-shaped inflorescences are radially arranged in sparse umbrella-shaped inflorescences; total bracts are bell-shaped, with a few bracts at the base, two layers of total bracts, tiled-like arrangement, narrow outer layer, wide inner layer, white membranous edges, and nearly equal length. The stent is shallow honeycomb-shaped, with teeth on the edges of the small holes. Female, tongue-shaped, 1 layer; central flower is bisexual, tubular, most, and 5 cracks on the eaves. The anther apex is oblong, blunt, with a tail at the base, and smooth silk.
style branches apex rounded with short hairs. The crest is white, rough and hairy, most of them. The lean fruit is cylindrical, with rows of short hairs.
(2) Dawu Fengcao
Dawu Fengcao (mountain chrysanthemum) (scientific name: Farfugium japonicum) is a plant of the genus Wu Fengcao of the Asteraceae family. Distributed in Japan and China; distributed in China in Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian and Taiwan. Grows under forests, valleys and grasses in low-altitude areas. Dawu style grass likes semi-shady and humid environments, avoids drought and direct summer sunlight, and has the appropriate growth temperature of 12-25℃, which can tolerate high temperatures of 38℃ in summer. It is highly adaptable to soil, and it is best to use fertile, loose and well-drained loam. As early as 1856, Fortune was introduced from the gardens of the Qing government in China to the UK for cultivation, and some cultivars were selected.
①Medicinal
This root contains kiliphoric acid (dimethacrylic acid), which is mainly used to treat cough, hemoptysis, blood stool , irregular menstruation , bruising injury, and mastitis. Leaves contain about 1% volatile oil, and the main component is vinyl, which is used for insecticidal.
②Optical
Because the leaves resemble lotus leaves, they are also called "Blood-enering lotus" and " One-leaf lotus ". The grass of Dawu has strong growth power, strong coverage, full and complete plant shape, and has ornamental value all year round. The most prominent feature is that the leaves look like horse's hooves, big and beautiful.
Dawu style grass is beautiful, with beautiful flowers and green leaves, and a long ornamental period. It is an excellent garden application plant. It can be planted in clusters and in park green spaces, residential areas, road green spaces, etc. As an excellent ornamental plant, , the flowers of Dawu style grass are bright and the leaves are dark green. They can be planted on large areas on a large scale by using large-scale color blocks and large-scale techniques to form communities, and can be used as a set-up for other plant landscapes to form shocking landscapes.
8. The genus Trichosus 1
genus Trichosus 2 (scientific name: Gynura) [2] is a genus under the genus 3 Chrysus 4 family. The species under this genus are mainly distributed in Asia. One thing in common is that the back or edges of the leaves are usually purple. The more well-known ones are purple velvet (also known as purple goose , a potted ornamental plant), and the red phoenix and white phoenix are nutritious edible vegetables. However, although these two types are edible with Chrysus Trichosus , Nepalese Chrysus Trichosus , and Showa crepidioides/Crassocephalum crepidioides) can be eaten, but excessive consumption will cause alkaloid poisoning.
genus Gynura comes from the Greek synthetic word gyne (woman) and oura (tail), which refers to the long and rough style of the plant in this genus, which is tail-shaped.
(1) Morphological characteristics
perennial, herbaceous, sometimes fleshy, thin sub-shrub, hairless or hard hairy. Leaves are alternate, toothed or pinnately divided, with a stalk or a petiole.
head-shaped inflorescences, with homomorphic small flowers, single or several at most arranged into umbrella-shaped, bell-shaped or cylindrical, with most linear bracts at the base; 1 layer of total bracts, 9-13, lanceolate, isochronous, covered, and dry membranous edges. Inflorescences are flat, with holes or short fringed. The little flowers are all two-sex and are strong.The corolla is yellow or orange-yellow, light purple, tubular, with 5 cracks on the eaves and slender tubes. The base of the anther is entirely or almost small; the style is thinly branched, with a drill-shaped appendage at the top, and is covered with papillary hair.
slim fruit is cylindrical, with 10 ribs, with flat ends, hairless or short hair. The crest is rich, fine, and white tawny.
(2) Growth habits
often grows in hillside grasslands, barren slopes and wet areas on the edge of fields. About 40 kinds of
are distributed in Asia, Africa and Australia. There are 10 species in China, mainly produced in the south, southwest and southeast.
The species under the genus Panax notoginseng are mainly distributed in Asia. The back or edges of the leaves of the plants are usually purple. The more well-known ones are purple velvet (also known as purple velvet, a potted ornamental plant). There are also genus Panax notoginseng, Nepalese, Red Pineapple and Gynura Crepidioides are all nutritious edible vegetables, with strong medicinal and health-care development potential and easy to cultivate. The plants of the genus Panax notoginseng are not only rich in alkaloids, terpenes and brass, but also rich in nutrients such as amino acids, crude proteins and vitamins; and a large number of propaganda can be obtained by tissue culture or rhizome cuttings. There are some places in China that are cultivated.
Some plants of the genus have medicinal value and ornamental value, which can be viewed by people.
(3) Chrysanthemum chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemum chrysanthemum (scientific name: Gynura japonica), also known as Chrysanthemum chrysanthemum chrysanthemum genus chrysanthemum family. Grow in valleys, hillside meadows, under forests or forest edges at an altitude of 1,200-3,000 meters. Trichomonas Chrysanthemum is a plant that likes shade, and likes warm winter and cool summer, and is afraid of severe cold and hot; likes moisture but is afraid of water accumulation, and the soil moisture content is 22-40%. The temperature of Panax notoginseng in summer should not exceed 35℃, and the temperature in winter should not be lower than -5℃. Both can grow, and the appropriate growth temperature is 18-25℃. Ju Sanqi does not strictly require soil and has a wide range of adaptability, but it is better to use loose and well-drained sand loam. It is not suitable for growing in areas with overly sticky, sandy, and low-lying areas that are prone to water accumulation. The soil pH is suitable for 4.5-8.
is distributed in China, Nepal, Thailand and Japan; in China, it is distributed in Sichuan (western, southwest, central to eastern), Yunnan (northwest to central to southern), Guizhou ( Weng'an , Xingyi , Bijie, Anshun , Dafang, Guiyang, etc.), Hubei (Lichuan, Dangyang, Shennongjia ), Hunan (Xinning), Shaanxi ( Yangxian , Foping ), Anhui (Shimen, Jiuhua Mountain), Zhejiang (Tianmu Mountain), Jiangxi (Dexing), Fujian (Jianyang), Taiwan, Guangxi (Nandan).
The whole herb of jujube Panax notoginseng is used as medicine. It has the effects of treating bruises and injuries, relieving pain and swelling, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, , anti-inflammatory and stopping bleeding, anti-cancer and preventing cancer, and treating gynecological diseases.
is somewhat similar to that of the red phoenix (commonly known as blood cordyceps ). Those who accidentally eat "chrysanthemum phoenix" mistakenly think that "chrysanthemum phoenix" is red phoenix and pick the end-moisturized part of the plant and process it according to the processing technology of the red phoenix. The result is not fried thoroughly, resulting in poisoning caused by the incomplete destruction of the saponin component. Panax notoginseng has 12 pyrrolicidine alkaloids, which can cause occlusion of small hepatic veins and have a high mortality rate.
(4) 水水
水水 (scientific name: Gynura divaricata) is a plant of the genus Trichosus of the Asteraceae family. It grows under sparse forests in the mountains or is cultivated on the edges of fields near farmhouses. It often grows in hillside grasslands, barren slopes and wet areas beside fields at an altitude of 100-1800 meters. Distributed in Guangdong (Guangzhou, Nanhai), Hainan ( Chengmai , Yaxian, Wanning , Baoting , Qiongzhong , Qiongshan, etc.), Hong Kong, Yunnan ( Jingdong , Honghe, Green Spring), Guangxi. It is also distributed in northern Vietnam.
Baizi has high medicinal and edible value. As a vegetable, cabbage has the amino acids, protein , fat, sugar, vitamins, cellulose, carbohydrate , minerals and trace elements rich in ordinary vegetables. It is a nutritious natural green food.At the same time, the tender stems and leaves of Baizicao are also rich in flavonoids, polysaccharides, alkaloids and other active ingredients. Among them, the total flavonoids, flavonoids, flavonoids, flavonoids, carotenoids, 1.42 mg/g of soluble protein, 43.30 mg/g of quercetin, 6.04 mg/g of chlorogenic acid. Carbohydrates, minerals and trace elements are a nutrient-rich natural green food. Therefore, Cypress has biological activities such as reducing the "three highs", treating scurvy and anemia, detoxifying, preventing cancer, antioxidant, antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-tumor, protecting liver and gallbladder, and regulating immune function. The wild vegetable Baizi is often eaten by the folks in Guangxi to prevent and treat hypertension, hyperlipidemia and cancer, etc., and is called " Shenxiancao "; while the folks in Fujian often use their tender lotus leaves to make tea to treat diabetes .
(5) Red phoenix
Red phoenix quince (scientific name: Gynura bicolor), also known as red quince , blood-enhancing vegetable, is an medicinal plant of the Qianli Guang clan of the Asteraceae family, [1]. The back of the leaves is purple-red, the front is dark green, the flesh is thick, the moisture content is high, and it contains anthocyanin . Distributed in Japan, Myanmar, Nepal, Taiwan, Bhutan, , India, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and other places in China, it grows in areas with an altitude of 600 meters to 1,500 meters. It mostly grows under hillside forests, on rocks and wet areas by rivers. It is now artificially cultivated as edible vegetables and is rich in nutrients. It is known as " blood-enhancing vegetable " in Taiwan; it is also commonly known as "blood-corn vegetable" in mainland China. Many people in northern China mistake it for purple-backed celestial azure; it is often used to make vegetable salad and tempura in Japan.
can promote blood circulation, remove blood stasis, detoxify and reduce swelling. Red phoenix is a cool vegetable. Its rich iron has a hematopoietic effect. The redder the color, the more iron it is richer. It also contains potassium to help the body's water metabolism, eliminate edema, and lower blood pressure. In addition, it is rich in vitamin A, β-carotene , anthocyanins, and mineral magnesium.
(6) White phoenix
White phoenix （scientific name: Gynura divaricata subsp. formosana), also known as white phoenix ）, is a medicinal plant of the Asteraceae family, and is a specialty of Taiwan (Taipei, Keelung , Danshui, Yilan, Hsinchu , Taichung , Taitung and Hualien, etc.). Baifeng cabbage is specialized in some areas of the southern tropical region, often wild in the vicinity of farm poultry, on both sides of farmland roads, and in the yin and wet places of low mountains. It is also often planted as herbs or rare and specialty vegetables in the corners of the fields. Or planted around houses or balcony, Baifeng cabbage is strong in nature and has no strict requirements on the growth soil. However, it likes good sunshine conditions and high temperature environments, and its growth temperature is generally between 20-30℃.
As a vegetable cultivation method, white phoenix vegetable is not stress-resistant and has few pests and diseases. It is an ideal pollution-free and specialty vegetable. When eaten as a vegetable, it has dense short hairs. In order to ensure a good taste, cooking oil should be added when stir-fried. Baifeng cabbage can be stir-fried, cold, or stir-fried with shredded pork to add deliciousness.
Baifengcai is a special flavor vegetable integrating nutrition and health benefits. In addition to the nutrients contained in ordinary vegetables, Baifengcai also has special effects such as antipyretic, detoxification, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, and lowering blood pressure. It has certain therapeutic effects on hepatitis, cirrhosis, pneumonia, lung cancer, cold and fever, nephritis, enteritis, edema, constipation and higher diseases. In addition, it can also be used for treatment of external application injuries, bruises, trauma, poisonous insect bites, and no swelling and poison.
(7) fungus
fungus 2 fungus genus Gynura cusimbua (D. Don) S. Moore) is a perennial tall herb of the genus Trichosus of the Asteraceae family, distributed in China, India, Nepal, Myanmar, and Thailand; in China, it is distributed in Sichuan (Muli), Yunnan ( Fengyi , Yangbi , Shunning, Gongshan , Fugong , Nujiang , Chuxiong, Jingdong, Anning , Lincang), Tibet (Jilong, Tongmai, Chayu ). Grow under forests, hillsides or roadside grasses at an altitude of 1350-3400 meters.
whole herb can be used as medicine. It is sweet, bitter and flat. It has the tendons to connect and bones, reducing swelling and dispersing. Used for fractures, bruises and rheumatoid arthritis.
9. 方子 方
方子 方 (scientific name: Ligularia) is a genus under the Asteraceae family and is a perennial herb. There are about 150 species of this genus, distributed in Europe, Himalaya to Japan. Most species are produced in Asia, only 2 are distributed in Europe, and there are also toothed lesions. L.dentata (A. Gray) Hara is cultivated or thrived in the UK. There are 111 species in China, widely distributed from the southwest to the northeast, and most of them are concentrated in the southwest mountainous areas.
(1) Morphological characteristics
perennial herbs. The rhizomes are extremely short and never stretches. Roots are fleshy or grassy, thick or slender, smooth or sometimes densely haired. The stem is erect and often single, extracted from the outer axilla of the clumps of leaves, and dies after flowering that year.
young leaves roll out. The leaves of sterile stems are clumpy (clustered leaves), developed, with long stems, enlarged as sheath at the base, the leaves are kidney-shaped, ovate, arrow-shaped, halberd-shaped or linear, and the leaves are veins, palm-shaped or feather-shaped, rare in palm-shaped pinnate; the stems and leaves are alternate, with a few, with short petioles, and often have enlarged sheaths, and the leaves are mostly the same shape as clumped leaves and are smaller. Inflorescences are radial or disc-shaped, large or extremely small, arranged in racemotax or umbrella-like inflorescences or solitary.
total bracts are narrow, cylindrical, bell-shaped, gyro-shaped or hemispherical, with a few or most bracts (small outer bracts) at the base, 2 layers of total bracts, separated, covered with tiles, narrow outer layer, wide inner layer, often with membranous edges, or 1 layer, combined with only 2-5 teeth at the top. The flower back is flat, shallow honeycomb. The edge flowers are female, tongue-shaped or tubular, and the corolla is sometimes missing; the central flowers are both sexes, tubular, and the eaves are 5 cracks. The anther tip is triangle or ovate, sharp and pointed, blunt at the base, no tail, smooth filaments, and enlarged near the anther. Style branches thin, apex blunt or nearly round.
slim fruit is smooth and ribbed. The crest is 2-3 layers, rough-shaped, long or very short, and has no crest.
(2) Main value
Some types of roots contain chemical components such as 沪分 ether, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether 0 (2) Main value
The roots of some types of 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 ether alcohol, 沪分 e It is mainly used to treat bronchitis, cough and asthma, tuberculosis, , hemoptysis and other diseases. Among the plants of the genus, the highest content of crude protein, crude fiber, amino acids, vitamin C, manganese and zinc is the highest; among the plants of the genus, the largest content of crude fat; among the plants of the genus, the highest content of total sugar, reducing sugar, the genus carotene and phosphorus, the three plants of the genus are rich in nutrients and have a relatively complete range of nutrients, making them a healthy medicinal and food dual-purpose plant. Moreover, the plants have large and beautiful flowers and can be used as ornamental plants. It can be applied to greening and become a good greening material.
(3) 材其
材其 (scientific name: Ligularia sibirica) is a plant of the Asteraceae family. Also known as 1000 lotus, lotus pod grass , lotus leaves, Siberian 未发未发未发未发未发未发未发未发未发未发未发未发未发未发未发未It grows in swamps, wet grasslands, riversides, hillsides and forest edges at an altitude of 373-2200 meters. It is produced in Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, western Gansu, northern Shaanxi, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Northeast China, Hunan and Anhui. It is also distributed in East Siberia (the origin of the model specimen) and most parts of Europe.
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