spearmint extract have neuroprotective effects in the brain, and rosmarinic acid (RA) accounts for a high proportion in the spearmint. Studies have proven that RA is a phenolic compound with powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease and ischemia-reperfusion models and other neurodegenerative diseases Has neuroprotective effects in animal models. So how does it provide neuroprotection?
Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation play a key role in brain diseases, and they further lead to neurodegenerative diseases. In a trial published in the journal Toxicology Research in 2008, researchers found that rosmarinic acid can significantly reduce H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species production and cell apoptosis, which is also effective Inhibit the up-regulation of Bax and the down-regulation of Bcl-2. The latest research in 2020 also shows that rosmarinic acid improves memory and behavioral disorders in mice by reducing oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase activity. Rosmarinic acid can revitalize elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic proteins, restore antioxidant defense levels, and reduce lipid peroxidation levels.
Not only that, the research team at the University of Tokyo in Japan also discovered the anti-inflammatory effects of rosmarinic acid. The researchers used mice as a model organism and found that in , amygdala and the cortical area near the hippocampus in mice taking rosemary, Aβ plaques and tau accumulation were inhibited, and JNK signaling in hippocampal inflammation The pathway is also inhibited, reducing the level of inflammation.
Rosmarinic acid plays a beneficial role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases by regulating inflammation and oxidative stress.In addition, many research data show that it also has the effect of improving cognition, which can not only reduce inflammation and antioxidant, but also promote intelligence and improve cognition.
【References】
- Yamamoto S, Kayama T, Noguchi-Shinohara M, et al. Rosmarinic acid suppresses tau phosphorylation and cognitive decline by downregulating the JNK signaling pathway[J]. NPJ science of food, 2021, 5(1): 1-11.
- Thingore C, Kshirsagar V, Juvekar A. Amelioration of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in lipopolysaccharide-induced memory impairment using Rosmarinic acid in mice[J]. Metabolic Brain Disease, 2021, 36(2 ): 299-313.
- Fonteles AA, de Souza CM, de Sousa Neves JC, et al. Rosmarinic acid prevents memory deficits in ischemic mice[J]. Behavioural Brain Research SreeTestContent1, 2016, 297: 91-103.
- Lee HJ, Cho HS, Park E, et al. Rosmarinic acid protects human dopaminergic neuronal cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis[J]. Toxicology, 2008, 250(2-3): 109-115.
