95% of colorectal cancers evolve from intestinal polyps or inflammation. If intestinal polyps is discovered in time, it can effectively prevent the occurrence of cancer. However, gastroenterologists said that in clinical practice, many patients still suffer from cancer after having polyps removed, which may be a matter of missing.
《Life Times 》 interviewed experts and explained why polyps can cause cancer and gave prevention and treatment methods.
Interviewed experts:
, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, the sixth district chief physician of the Department of Colorectal Anal Surgery, He Xiaosheng
, the General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, the Chief Physician of the Department of Gastroenterology, Cao Hailong
, the Deputy Chief Physician of the Gastroenterology and Tumor Center of Chongqing University, He Miao, the Deputy Chief Physician of the Department of Gastroenterology and Union Hospital, Wuhan, Wu Ke
Why do polyps still cause cancer?
Intestinal polyps are caused by stimulation of the intestinal mucosa and begin to proliferate, forming a small nematode. In layman's terms, some flesh bumps grow on the intestines, including tumor and non-tumor lesions.
According to traditional classification methods, intestinal polyps are generally divided into three categories: inflammatory polyps, hyperplastic polyps and adenomatous polyps .
Usually inflammatory polyps and hyperplastic polyps are relatively small, and the probability of benignity is high, and it is not easy to deteriorate in the short term. However, if the size of the polyp is more than 0.5 cm, it may be an adenomatous polyp, or it is a tendency to develop towards adenomatous polyp. The probability of cancer in adenomatous polyp is relatively high, especially villous adenomatous polyp, which has about 40% chance of cancer within 10 years.
Tao Lin, chief physician of the Department of Gastroenterology at Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital University, said that in clinical practice, those who have polyps removed or have contracted bowel cancer may have neglected regular follow-up examinations.
◎The probability of regeneration and recurrence after adenomatous polyps is high. At the same time, multiple polyps are prone to missed diagnosis, and close follow-up and re-examination is required after polyps are removed.
◎Benign polyps are not just a matter of resection. They may recur again, and the location and nature of the occurrence may be different.
Therefore, any patient who has had a history of large intestinal polyps should undergo regular follow-up examinations.
A copy of "Intestinal Polypops Reexamination Schedule"
After polypectomy, pay attention to the polyposis pathological examination results. If the pathological examination suspects that the polyps have become malignant and the pathological examination cannot confirm whether they are completely removed, additional endoscopic or laparoscopic surgery is required.
In addition, even if the tumor is confirmed to be completely removed but the malignant polyps are accompanied by submucosal invasion, laparoscopic surgery is also required.
Even if the polyp is removed, close review is still the most important part of preventing cancer. The review time must be based on the quality and results of colonoscopy.
Reminder: Patients avoid intense exercise within 2 weeks after the operation, such as climbing, running, etc., to prevent poor healing, bleeding, and even complications such as perforation of polyps. If the patient has fever, abdominal pain or blood stool , it is necessary to have a timely review.
5 tricks to reduce the risk of malignant polyps
Intestinal polyps and colorectal cancer have the characteristics of family aggregation. To effectively prevent it, it is not enough to rely solely on personal efforts. The whole family also needs to take action together and make changes.
Adjust diet
Eat less spicy and greasy foods, eat less red meat, eat more high-fiber foods , such as vegetables, fruits, coarse grains, etc.
Use public spoons and chopsticks
Although there is currently no evidence that Helicobacter pylori can directly lead to the occurrence of colorectal cancer, it does increase the chance of intestinal polyps.
If you have chronic digestive tract disease at home or are infected with Helicobacter pylori, you must use a public spoon and a public chopstick. If the infection degree of Helicobacter pylori is severe, it should be eradicated through quadruple therapy as soon as possible.
Regular defecation
Patients with long-term constipation have a large amount of dry and dull feces in the intestines, which can continuously stimulate the rectal mucosa and cause chronic inflammation, which may cause intestinal polyps over time.
recommends nurturing for a fixed time, such as after morning or after breakfast. Do not bring your mobile phone when going to the toilet. The toilet time should not exceed 5 minutes, and people with constipation should not exceed 10 minutes.
reduces long-term sitting, and proper exercise
More than one study found that long-term sitting can cause harmful substances to stay in the intestines, increase harmful bacteria, and then increase the risk of intestinal cancer. Get up every 40 minutes and move for 2 to 3 minutes. Exercise 3 to 5 times a week, for at least 30 minutes each time. Jogging, swimming, and walking and are all good ways.
Regular physical examination
People with high-risk factors such as intestinal polyps, family genetic history of colorectal cancer, obesity, etc. should start to undergo colonoscopy regularly at around the age of 40. Families with a family history of diabetes should pay attention to the intestinal health when the patient controls his blood sugar. Colonoscopy should be performed every 1 to 3 years. ▲
Source: Life Times
Editor: Feng Yu
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