63-year-old Lao Zhao has been suffering from diabetes for three or four years. Injecting insulin all year round has caused "scars" on his stomach. Not only is it covered with dark brown spots, but the local injection skin also grows thicker and thicker. It feels like he is "dead". Therefore, Lao Li always hopes that the insulin can be "punched" into his body without "punching" it, and it would be great if he could take it like an ordinary pill.
That day, Lao Zhao injected insulin as usual, but heard his son holding his cell phone and saying excitedly to himself: "Our country is really studying oral insulin, and technology breakthroughs are all over the place. It's just around the corner to use this oral insulin!" After hearing this, Lao Zhao was naturally very excited, so he hurried to Yaoshi Wang, wanting to know if this is true? Can oral insulin be really developed?
I believe that diabetic patients who are troubled by insulin injection like Lao Zhao are also curious, so Pharmacist Wang will not keep it a secret and tell everyone that this news is indeed true! What is going on? Let’s listen to Master Wang’s explanation for you.
1. Oral insulin may be released
Nowadays, the incidence of diabetes in my country has reached 12.8%. In addition, the large population base, has made my country the country with the largest population of diabetes in the world. About one patient in every 8 adults is suffering from diabetes. Faced with such severe health problems, our country's scientists have been constantly overcoming difficulties and achieved major breakthroughs in the technical problems of oral insulin. On November 14 this year, the oral insulin-human insulin enteric-coated capsules developed by my country announced the latest progress. In previous studies, the drug showed good results in reducing blood sugar and drug safety, and also made it possible to realize oral insulin medication in the future.
2. What problems have been overcome by oral insulin?
diabetic patients may also be curious, why can insulin be taken through injection but cannot be taken like calcium tablets? This is because insulin itself is a protein hormone, which is secreted by the islet β cells in the human pancreas, and is also the only hormone in the body that can lower blood sugar. However, after oral administration, this hormone will be destroyed by digestive enzyme , pepsin , trypsin and other digestive enzymes in the human gastrointestinal tract, causing it to lose its activity and unable to play a role in reducing blood sugar. In addition, the molecular weight of insulin molecules is relatively large and difficult to absorb by the intestinal wall, which also makes insulin only injected subcutaneously but not orally.
How did the oral insulin developed by my country overcome these difficulties? There are mainly four breakthroughs.
1, PH protection shield
human gastric juice is gastric acid . This acidic environment makes insulin "discourage". Human insulin enteric capsules have developed the latest technology to add a layer of "PH protection shield" to the active ingredients in the drug before the drug enters the small intestine, so that it can not be destroyed by the strong acidic environment in the gastric juice and ensure the lowering activity of insulin.
2, protease inhibitor
For insulin, in addition to this acidic environment, the protease in our gastrointestinal tract is also "not to be underestimated". In order to prevent proteases from "injecting insulin back to its original form", Chinese scientific researchers have added a protease inhibitor to the drug, which can effectively prevent protein drugs from being degraded by proteases in the gastrointestinal tract.
3, absorption enhancer
In response to the problem that large molecules are difficult to absorb effectively, human insulin enteric capsules have also made innovative breakthroughs, using absorption enhancers to promote the absorption of large molecules of protein drugs in the intestines and enter the blood to play a role in lowering glycemic effects.
4. Reconstruct physiological portal vein-peripheral insulin concentration gradient
Under normal circumstances, the human body will quickly cause insulin secretion in the body after ingesting high-sugar foods. At this time, insulin will be separated from the blood by the liver through the portal vein, and then reach target organs such as muscle fat. At this time, the insulin in the hepatic portal vein will be about 3 times that in the peripheral circulation, forming a portal vein -peripheral insulin concentration gradient.
Ordinary subcutaneous insulin injection will directly enter the systemic circulation and be evenly distributed in human tissues. The above concentration gradient cannot be formed, destroying the balance between the production of glucose in the liver and the storage of glycogen in the liver, resulting in blood sugar disorders. The newly developed human insulin enteric capsule is highly consistent with human insulin in the absorption pathway. After reconstruction of the portal vein-peripheral insulin concentration gradient, the blood sugar concentration is reduced and blood sugar is significantly stabilized.
Finally, Pharmacist Wang also wanted to tell the majority of diabetic patients that although oral insulin has been studied for a long time, most of them have stopped in phase II clinical research . The human insulin enteric capsule developed by my country has conducted many clinical studies around the world, and the cumulative administration has exceeded 200,000 times. Even the phase III clinical study of this drug has been carried out in many places. This new preparation not only makes oral insulin possible, but also brings good news to hundreds of millions of diabetic patients in China! We look forward to the near future that this oral insulin can truly benefit diabetic patients in our country, save them from the pain of injections, and be the first to experience this new treatment option worldwide!
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