·Honey is the pioneer of the psychoanalytic socio-cultural school, and her research revolves around the pathology of neurosis. Basic anxiety arises due to lack of security, and to relieve anxiety, neurotic needs develop. Neurotic needs determine the neurotic personality: complian

5. The social and cultural school of psychoanalysis

·Honey is the pioneer of the social and cultural school of psychoanalysis. Her research revolves around the pathology of neurosis

·She believes that the root of neurosis should be found in social culture. Interpersonal relationship difficulties caused by social and cultural contradictions are the decisive factor in the emergence of neurosis. Basic anxiety arises due to lack of security, and to relieve anxiety, neurotic needs arise. Neurotic needs determine the personality of neurotics: obedience, aggressive or withdrawal, and trap the self in the conflict between the real self, the ideal self and the real self

· In order to resolve inner conflict, three strategies of self-mood, exaggeration and abandonment were developed. Due to the compulsive use of one of them, they fell into new anxiety and conflicts, which led to a vicious cycle. Sullivan attaches great importance to the impact of interpersonal interactions on personality. He is the founder of the theory of interpersonal interpersonal relationships

·He uses the concept of interpersonal relationships to explain personality development and psychological abnormalities, so that the focus of traditional psychoanalysis shifts from individuals to the conflicts within individuals, from focusing on the communication between individuals and the interaction between individuals and the environment (interpersonal situation), impact The traditional psychoanalysis concept of development on personality and self, highlights the central position of interpersonal relationships, and places the development of individual self and psychological in the development of interpersonal relationships

· Therefore, he believes that individual psychology and behavior can only be explained and understood through interpersonal relationships

·Kardiner proposed the idea of the interaction between culture and personality from an anthropological perspective, attaching importance to the role of culture on personality formation and the impact of personality on cultural changes

·He emphasized the decisive role of cultural factors on personality formation, and believed that the primary system of society shapes the basic personality structure through early experiences such as feeding, weaning, excretion training, sexual taboos, etc., while the basic personality structure creates and influences myths and religions through projection, which is a breakthrough correction for the traditional model of psychoanalysis and Development

·Flom is the person with the greatest influence on the spiritual life of modern people in the psychoanalysis social and cultural school

·He focuses on the various difficulties and needs encountered by modern people, and tries to improve the situation and mental state of modern people with humanistic psychoanalysis theory and methods

·He studies the impact of society on people from a macro perspective, introduces psychoanalysis into the field of social history, and proposes a complete set of ideological systems with a wide influence, such as social subconscious theory, social personality theory, and social reform theory, forming a broad-minded social psychoanalysis theory with a broad vision

6, existential analysis

·Binswanger and Boss's existence analysis views are basically the same, and both believe that human existence is an existence in the world, that is, The world is the whole of a person, the existence of this moment

·Man exists in three fields: the surrounding world, the common world and the self-world. The driving force and development of human existence are free choice

·Frankel is the founder of meaning therapy, and its theoretical basis includes three aspects of mutual connection, namely freedom of will, will of meaning and the meaning of life

·He believes that neurotic patients are people who have lost their direction in life and lost the meaning of survival; if people want to get out of difficulties, they must transcend their existence and pursue the meaning of existence. Meaning treatment is to help patients find their special meaning

·Rolo Mei is an existence analyst who advocates free choice, and is also a humanistic psychologist with existential tendencies

·His entire theoretical system is based on existential philosophy. Inspired by existentialism's exploration of the meaning of life, he strives to discover the true meaning of human existence and explore the meaning of existence.His existence analysis psychotherapy proposed by him believes that the core process of psychotherapy is to help patients recognize and experience the existence of conscious existence, emphasizing helping patients restore their ability to choose freely, so that patients can correctly understand and affirm themselves

·Renn combined traditional psychoanalysis with existential philosophy and founded existential psychiatry

·He proposed to place the special experience of psychiatric patients in the previous and subsequent relationships of "existence in his world", and further examined the internal and external relations of schizophrenia individuals, expanding and deepening the basic concepts of traditional psychoanalysis

7, Marxist psychoanalysis

·Raich found in clinical practice that traditional psychoanalysis does not pay attention to the social living conditions of patients, and social and economic support is the most necessary for the treatment of patients. The treatment of neurosis has become a social problem. Therefore, in the 1920s and 1930s, he tried to combine psychoanalysis with Marxism

·He believed that psychoanalysis and Marxism have both their limitations and are similar, but this combination was severely criticized for its superficiality and stiffness, and failed in theory and practice

·Marcuse was not a psychoanalyst and began to understand and study psychoanalysis in his later years. l0·He used historical methods to analyze the concept of instinct, proposed two concepts with historical meanings, "surplus repression" and "operation principle", and imitated Marx's special method of analyzing commodities in "Das Kapital", distinguished instinct repression into basic repression and extra repression, and believed that extra repression reflects the unreasonable social origin of instinct repression

8, postmodern psychoanalysis

·As a famous French psychoanalyst and the founder of postmodern psychoanalysis, Lacan used structuralist philosophy, especially structuralist linguistics as the philosophical basis and methodological tool, and interpreted and reconstructed Freud's psychoanalysis

·He found with the help of linguistic research He proposed a new subject theory to replace Freud's id, self and superego with three psychological components, the imagination, symbolic and real world,

. He believed that psychoanalytic therapy is a discourse therapy. The goal of treatment is to reveal the subconscious desires revealed in the patient's discourse, and put forward new views on the role of explanation and transference, changing the mechanical and fixed treatment time of psychoanalytic to elastic time, etc.

Based on the "Chinese Psychoanalytic Research Series" - Guo Benyu's "General Preface: A Century Looking Back in the Psychoanalytic Movement" is refined into