"A rage for beauty" comes from the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty poet Wu Weiye in " Yuanyuanqu" Dinghu abandoned the world that day, defeated the enemy, took the capital and went to Yuguan; weeping for six years The army is all in good condition, but in anger, it turns out to be a beauty." Based on this, later generations said that Wu Sangui surrendered to the Qing Dynasty for the sake of Chen Yuanyuan, opened Shanhaiguan and allowed the Qing army to enter Beijing, thereby ending the Han Dynasty and becoming a historical sinner. So what is the historical truth?
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The events recorded in historical records
In March 11644, Li Zicheng's Dashun Army occupied Beijing city, Chongzhen, the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty, hanged himself. At this time, Wu Sangui, who was the guard of Ming Dynasty Shanhaiguan, was on his way back to Beijing for rescue with 40,000 Guan Ning troops. Hearing the news of the demise of the Ming Dynasty, the troops stopped advancing. After weighing the pros and cons, Wu Sangui accepted the conditions for surrendering to the Li Zicheng Dashun dynasty. After handing over Shanhaiguan to the Dashun Army sent by Li Zicheng, Wu Sangui led Guan Ning's army to continue marching to Beijing to accept Dashun's reorganization.
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When the army arrived in Yongping, Wu Sangui met a servant from his father's house in Beijing. The servant cried to Wu Sangui: Wu's father and more than 30 members of his family were detained by Dashun, and Wu's concubine Chen Yuanyuan was snatched away by Li Zicheng's general Liu Zongmin. Wu Sangui was furious when he heard about it. He led his troops back to Shanhaiguan, drove away the Dashun garrison, surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, and opened the city to let Qing troops enter the pass.
The underlying reasons for the incident
1 It is true that Wu Sangui initially agreed to surrender to Li Zicheng
Chongzhen After the demise of the Ming Dynasty, Wu Sangui and his troops had three options: one was to surrender to Dashun; the other was to surrender to and the Qing Dynasty ; the third was to represent the Ming Dynasty in the resistance war to the end. Regardless of national sentiment (Li Zicheng's Dashun belonged to the Han regime, the Qing Dynasty was a Manchu regime) or personal interests (Li Zicheng promised Wu and his troops generous conditions for surrender), surrendering to Li Zicheng's Dashun was the best policy.
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Therefore, Wu Sangui and his troops initially decided to surrender to Dashun, and they sincerely handed over the Shanhaiguan guards and went to Beijing for reorganization. These are reasonable and should be true.
2. But it is impossible for Wu Sangui to change the will of the 40,000 Guan Ning army because of a woman.
After hearing that his father and family were detained and his concubine was taken away, Wu Sangui led the troops to change their mind about surrendering to Dashun and instead surrendered to the Qing Dynasty. This argument is untenable.
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In terms of military leadership and management at that time, it was impossible to completely decide everything by the will of a general. Wu Sangui can "turn anger into beauty", and it is impossible for 40,000 Guan Ning troops to fight for Wu Sangui's beauty. Everyone in the army must also consider their own interests. If Wu Sangui's decision-making does not conform to the interests of most of the soldiers in the army and insists on going his own way, his head will be chopped off, and it will be a matter of minutes for the army to replace a commander who represents everyone's interests.
3. The fundamental reason for the change from surrender to Shun to Qing was Li Zicheng's looting and compensation policy
Li Zicheng persuaded Wu Sangui and his subordinates to surrender because of the promised high-ranking official's generous salary, and Wu Sangui and his troops agreed to surrender to Dashun because of these interests and conditions. However, after Li Zicheng occupied Beijing, he frantically implemented the policy of recovering stolen property and providing subsidies . The essence of this policy was to make the officials and gentry hand over their property for confiscation, and they were required to pay a corresponding amount according to the size of their official positions, otherwise they would be severely tortured until their families were ruined.
On the way to Beijing, Wu Sangui and Guan Ningjun heard about Dashun's behavior of chasing stolen money and salary in Beijing. This made Wu Sangui and his subordinates have great doubts. Even if he returned to Beijing and surrendered and was rewarded, he would still have to hand it over to the national treasury without any security guarantee. Therefore, based on the self-interests of Wu Sangui and all Guan Ning troops, they collectively decided to change their minds and switch to the Qing Dynasty. This is in line with human nature and logic.
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So, Wu Sangui's "outraging beauty" is the artistic processing of later generations, not the truth of the matter. It's a pity that Wu Sangui has suffered from hundreds of years of infamy.
But from another perspective, Wu Sangui has also become a true man who values love and justice, and values the love between men and women. Haha, blessings and misfortunes!
Thanks for reading!
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