Expert Answer: Why does
need "secondary strengthening"? Can I get the second dose of "booster" after "passing the sun"?
Recently, many districts in Beijing have launched the second dose booster vaccination of new coronavirus vaccine . As the number of people with "positive symptoms" and "positive symptoms" continues to increase, which groups need to receive the second dose of "booster shot"? Can I get vaccinated after I have passed the sun? The reporter interviewed Solodan, director of the Institute of Immunization and Prevention at the Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
asked: After taking the “third shot”, why do I need to take the “fourth shot”?
After being vaccinated with new crown vaccine , the level of neutralizing antibodies produced by the vaccine has declined over time, and the protective effect against infection has dropped significantly. However, under the action of cellular immunity , a high protective effect against severe illness or death can still be maintained. After the fourth injection of , the immune system can be activated in a short period of time, regaining high-level neutralizing antibodies against the new coronavirus variant strain, further improving the protective effect of the vaccinated population in preventing infection, severe illness and death, and better improving the protective ability.
Q: Who can receive the second dose of "booster" at this stage?
In accordance with the unified deployment of the country, on the basis of the first dose of booster vaccination, the second dose of booster vaccination is currently carried out among high-risk groups, people aged 60 and above, people with serious underlying diseases and people with low immunity. The interval between vaccination and the first dose of booster shot must be 6 months or more.
Q: What vaccines can be given as the second dose of "booster shot"? Which combinations are recommended by the country as a priority?
According to the national plan, all vaccines approved for conditional marketing or emergency use can be used for the second dose of booster immunization, with priority given to sequential booster immunization, or the use of vaccines containing Omicron strain or with good cross-immunity against the Omicron strain for the second dose of booster immunization.
sequential booster immunity refers to the use of vaccines with different technical routes for heterologous booster immunization. Previous studies have found that heterologous booster immunization with vaccines using different technical routes can obtain higher levels of neutralizing antibodies than homologous booster immunization.
Currently, there are four types of new coronavirus vaccines that have been approved for emergency use or conditional marketing in my country: inactivated vaccine , recombinant protein vaccine , adenovirus vector vaccine and influenza virus vector vaccine. In principle, as long as the type of vaccine is different from that of the previous dose, it falls within the category of sequential immunization. Taking into account the actual situation that most of the recipients were vaccinated with three doses of inactivated vaccine during the early large-scale vaccination process in our country, when is given the second dose of booster immunity, you can choose any one of the recombinant protein vaccine, adenovirus vector vaccine or influenza virus vector vaccine, which is also the vaccination combination recommended by the country.
Q: How long is the interval between the second dose and the first dose of "booster shot"?
According to the national plan, the interval between the second dose of booster immunization and the first dose of booster immunization is currently more than 6 months. The vaccination interval is usually determined after taking into account many factors such as the persistence of vaccine antibodies, the decline in vaccine protective effect, the risk of reinfection, and the epidemic situation.
asked: Can -positive people be vaccinated during ? How long does it take to get vaccinated after being positive? There is no need to be vaccinated during the period when
is positive, because the function of the vaccine is to prevent the disease and has no therapeutic effect. According to the country’s current technical guidelines for the use of the new coronavirus vaccine, reinfection is rare within 6 months after a positive infection with the new coronavirus. Those who have been infected with the new coronavirus, including patients or asymptomatic infections, can receive one dose after 6 months after being fully informed.
Q: Why is it recommended that the elderly receive the second dose of "booster shot"?
The elderly are a high-risk group for severe death due to infection with the new coronavirus, and they are also the main group for severe death after infection with virus . Both foreign data and data from Hong Kong, our country, show that the case fatality rate can be significantly reduced after the elderly are vaccinated with a booster shot. After receiving the second dose of booster shot, the case fatality rate can be further reduced. By getting the second dose of booster shot, the elderly can increase their antibody levels in a faster time and better improve their protective capabilities.
Experts explain : How long does it take to produce antibodies after
is positive? Is it possible for a person to be infected with different mutant strains?
As the number of people recovering from new crown infection increases, issues such as return to work standards, secondary fever, and reinfection have aroused public concern. On December 22, Wang Linghang, director of the emergency department and deputy director of the Infectious Diseases Clinical Center of Beijing Ditan Hospital, accepted an interview with the media to answer questions.
Question 1: Beijing recently issued recommendations on when people can be released from quarantine and return to work after being infected with COVID-19. The main focus is on fever symptoms. To what extent should other symptoms such as coughs and sore throats be relieved?
Answer: This is the recovery pattern for most young adults after being infected with Omicron BF.7. After being hospitalized for 7-10 days, the nucleic acid Ct value reached above 35, and the isolation could be released. The specific resumption of work and production will be determined based on the individual's physical recovery.
If symptoms of pneumonia occur in the acute stage, of course the recovery period must be extended until the lung infection and infiltration are significantly improved. Sore throat generally does not last long, and coughs are mostly post-infectious coughs. The airways and upper respiratory tract are still in a state of hypersensitivity and hyperreactivity. The cough may last for 1-2 weeks and gradually resolve.
In addition, some young adults with underlying diseases take a long time for nucleic acid to turn negative and need longer to recover. Especially individuals who still have low-grade fever and myocarditis manifestations must have a good rest. If they cannot tolerate discomfort and forcefully return to work, they may be at risk.
Question 2: Is it no longer necessary to be vaccinated if you have been infected? Some people have not been fully vaccinated. Do they still need to be vaccinated after they recover? Do people who have never been vaccinated before still need to be vaccinated?
Answer: There are many differences in the immune status of individuals.
Infection after vaccination is called a breakthrough infection. On the basis of the pre-existing immunity generated by previous vaccinations, another natural infection occurs. The body's immune system is impacted by a live virus, multiplies and replicates in the body, and produces antigen to stimulate the immune system. During the acute recovery period, immunity to the virus strain of the sub-lineage of the infection is produced, which is manifested by an increase in the level of neutralizing antibodies and a certain ability of T cell immunity to clear pathogens. The necessity of vaccination in the near future is not very strong, because previous vaccines are targeting the original strain, and antigen stimulation cannot cover the currently popular and Omicron epitopes, and Omicron also has obvious immune escape.
Currently, it is mainly vulnerable elderly people who are negative and have not been infected, and they should be vaccinated quickly with booster shots. Vaccinating people who have recovered from infection is not the current priority.
Question 3: Regarding resumption of work, how should the unit be properly disinfected? For example, how can the concentration of disinfectant and frequency of disinfection be effective without irritating the respiratory tract of office workers and other adverse effects?
Answer: Just be normal. Omicron is not a devil, it is a highly contagious respiratory virus. Just continue to wipe surfaces regularly, ventilate crowded places, and wear masks as a precaution.
Question 4: If some family members have recovered and some have not yet been infected, do they still need to share meals or even eat in separate rooms when eating? Can we still share daily necessities?
Answer: If the infection is inconsistent, you still need to pay attention. You can also choose to wear a mask within the family. Although intra-family transmission is inevitable, there are still differences in the clinical course between small-scale contact infection and large-scale contact infection.
Question 5: For many fitness enthusiasts, after recovery and no symptoms, can they immediately resume their usual exercise intensity?
Answer: It is better to rest until you feel no impact. Get a good rest and ensure that your muscles, joints, physical strength, and heart muscle can cope with the exercise load without any discomfort, and proceed step by step.
Question 6: Now that business trips are gradually returning to normal, how can we protect ourselves during business trips?
Answer: Wash your hands frequently, wear a mask, and do not take off your mask in unsafe environments.
Question 7: How long does it take for the body to produce antibodies after being positive?
Answer: If you have not been vaccinated or naturally infected, it will take about 10-14 days or about two weeks for the IgG antibodies to be produced in the body. However, if you have been vaccinated before and are exposed to the virus again, the recall immune response is mainly activated, which does not take that long. Often, the antibody titer and level will increase significantly in 3-5 days.
The second infection of may be due to lack of rest. Many observed secondary infections are due to colds again, or the previous viral infection period is followed by the inflammatory reaction period, resulting in "bimodal fever". However, the peak body temperature often drops. We should also be wary of infections from other respiratory pathogens such as influenza in winter and spring. Influenza viruses are more active this winter, so be careful.
In addition, you must rest more during the acute period. The process of infection is a process of interaction between the pathogen and the body, which is a relationship between one and the other. Therefore, it is still critical to get more rest and completely eliminate the virus infected in the acute stage.
Question 8: I still cough after the antigen turns negative. Can I go to work in this case?
Answer: Yes, please pay attention to cough etiquette. Wear a mask.
Question 9: Is it possible for a person to be infected with different mutant strains at the same time or successively?
Answer: It is entirely possible. This is the "immune escape" of the new coronavirus.
Coordinator | Zhu Rongyu
Review | Yang Xiaomi
Editor | Cheng Shichao
Source | Xinhua News Agency, People's Daily, Beijing News, Jimu News. (Statement: This article is published on the WeChat public account of "Henan Provincial Department of Education" for the purpose of conveying more information. If there is an error in the source labeling or infringement of your legitimate rights and interests, please contact us in time and we will promptly correct, delete or handle it in accordance with the law.)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-