Anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving antipyretic drugs top ten over-the-counter top four
First data:
Worldwide, among the 10 most commonly used over-the-counter , the top four anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving drugs top four, namely acetaminophen , ibuprofen , naproxen and aspirin.
is the first in safety, becoming the winning magic weapon
As we all know, anti-inflammatory, pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory drugs are the most widely used over-the-counter drugs in the world, and have always dominated the top few of the most commonly used over-the-counter drugs.
These drugs can be divided into two major sectors, as para-aminophenol derivatives, and a wide variety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) represented by ibuprofen and aspirin.
Acetaminophen and ibuprofen stand out not because they have better anti-inflammatory, pain-relieving and fever-relieving effects than other drugs, but because is the safest variety among the same drugs.
How acetaminophen and NSAIDs play a role in antipyretic pain
Most of the pain and fever people experience are caused by inflammatory reactions in the body.
Among them, the prostaglandin series is the most important inflammatory factor in the inflammatory response and is also the inflammatory factor that directly leads to inflammation and fever.
Specifically, prostaglandin E2 directly acts on hypothalamus body temperature regulation center upregulates the set temperature of the core body temperature, resulting in an increase in body temperature.
In prostaglandin synthesis, there is a biological enzyme called cyclooxygenase (COX) that plays a key role.
acetaminophen and NSAIDs both inhibit the activity of COX and reduce the synthesis of prostaglandins to reduce fever and relieve pain.
Acetaminophen and NSAIDs
First of all, the main roles of acetaminophen and NSAIDs are different.
The main action site of acetaminophen is central nervous system , while NSAIDs act on the whole body.
This is mainly because the relative efficacy of acetaminophen and NSAIDs is very different as peripheral and central nervous system COX inhibitors.
For example, acetaminophen has almost as effective as aspirin in inhibiting central COX, but is only 10% of the other NSAIDs indomethacin (anti-inflammatory); in inhibiting peripheral COX, it is only 5% of aspirin and 0.02% of indomethacin.
acetaminophen has very weak activity on peripheral COX, which is why its anti-inflammatory activity is poor.
But at the same time, is also the reason why it has fewer side effects and higher security than NSAIDs.
Side effects of acetaminophen and NSAIDs
Research has been shown that COX has different isozyme . In normal tissues, COX-1 is a tissue-type enzyme, which has multiple physiological functions, such as maintaining normal blood supply to the tissue; COX-2 is an inducible enzyme in inflammatory tissues, and will only be induced to express themselves when an inflammatory reaction occurs, which is responsible for the synthesis of prostaglandins in inflammatory tissues.
NSAIDs act directly on inflammatory tissues, inhibit the activity of COX-2 enzymes, reduce the synthesis of prostaglandins, and thus achieve anti-inflammatory, pain-relieving and fever-reducing effects.
However, most NSAIDs do not distinguish between COX-1 and COX-2, but inhibit their activity indiscriminately. The inhibition of COX-1 enzyme activity by
NSAIDs in normal tissues is the main mechanism for this type of drug to produce toxic side effects.
This is because NSAIDs inhibit COX-1 enzyme activity, and tissue-type prostaglandins are inhibited, which will interfere with their normal physiological functions, such as reducing blood perfusion in the gastric mucosa and kidneys. This is the mechanism by which NSAIDs produce serious side effects such as gastric and kidney damage.
Because acetaminophen has very weak effects on peripheral COX, there will be no side effects of NSAIDs.
As for the liver damage toxicity of acetaminophen, I chose
mainly based on the purpose of the medication.
If your purpose is to simply reduce fever, naturally acetaminophen is preferred.
However, if you focus more on relieving discomfort, such as relieving general pain and reducing sore throat, I recommend ibuprofen first.
If there are no above two drugs, you can also choose naproxen, diclofenac and other NSAIDs.
It should be noted that although Annacin has more powerful antipyretic and pain-relieving effects, due to its more serious and not limited to side effects of the stomach and kidneys, you should be more cautious when choosing to use it.
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