An important
battle that determined the inheritance of Han culture - The Battle of Feishui
The Five Hus and Sixteen Kingdoms was a period of great division in Chinese history. During this period, there were the Eastern Jin Dynasty regimes in the south, and Chenghan, Qian Zhao, Qian Liang, Xiliang, Qian Yan, Xia, Qin, and Xi were successively established in the north. Qin and other 16 regimes.
During the Five Hus and Sixteen Kingdoms period, the picture comes from the Internet
At the end of the Western Jin , there was political corruption and social unrest. Sima Rui, King Langya of Jin, proclaimed himself emperor in Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) in 317 AD and established the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
At the same time, in the north, disputes over the political power of various ethnic minorities occurred. The Pre-Qin Dynasty, one of the Sixteen Kingdoms, was the first non-Han nationality to unify the north in Chinese history. Its capital was located in Chang'an (now Xi'an, Shaanxi Province). During the reign of the former Qin king Fu Jian , the power of the former Qin continued to grow. He invited the Han general King Meng to come out of the mountain, concentrated the armed forces of the Di people, and successively destroyed the Qianyan, Dai, Qianliang and other separatist countries, and unified the Yellow River basin. After the country became strong, Fu Jian had the idea of unifying the world. In 383 AD, Fu Jian ignored the obstruction of his officials and went south to attack Jin.
Xie An's portrait. The picture comes from the Internet.
At this time, the Eastern Jin Dynasty was at the time when Emperor Xiaowu and Sima Yao were in charge. At this time, the former Qin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty formed a confrontation between the north and the south.
In 383 AD, Fu Jian issued an edict to recruit soldiers from all over the country to prepare for the Southern Expedition. Within one month, Fu Jian gathered 870,000 troops. After the conscription was completed, Fu Jian began to prepare for the expedition. He appointed his younger brothers Fu Rong and Murong Chui to lead an army of 250,000 as the vanguard. Fu Jian personally led the rest of the army to march south.
The Eastern Jin Dynasty was not unprepared.
After Xie An took charge of the government, he realized that there would be a battle between the former Qin and the Eastern Jin Dynasty, so he actively prepared for the war. Xie An appointed his brother Xie Shi as the chief governor and his nephew Xie Xuan as the forward commander. He led an army of 80,000 to block the enemy in Jiangbei, and sent Hu Bin to lead a navy of 5,000 in Shouyang (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province). ) to block the enemy navy.
In 383 AD, Fu Jian believed that he could win the battle quickly and sent Zhu Xu, who was already the Minister of the former Qin Dynasty, to persuade Xie Shi to surrender. However, Zhu Xu privately reminded Xie Shi to take a preemptive strike and defeat the vanguard troops of the former Qin Dynasty. After hearing Zhu Xu's words, Xie Shi changed his combat strategy and decided to switch from defense to offense and take the initiative.
In November, Xie Xuan sent Guangling Prime Minister Liu Laozhi to lead 5,000 elite troops to Luojian and achieved a great victory in Luojian.
Situation map of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Qin Dynasty. The picture comes from the Internet
The Jin army marched westward and confronted the Qin army Feishui.
Due to the defeat at Luojian, the former Qin soldiers had lost most of their fighting spirit, so Fu Jian ordered the army to station on the spot, waiting for the follow-up troops to join them before fighting the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
At this time, Xie Xuan and others of the Eastern Jin Dynasty were worried that the situation would be unfavorable to them after the troops of the former Qin Dynasty arrived, so they took advantage of Fu Jian's arrogance, self-reliance on numbers, and arrogance to seize the weakness of the internal instability of the former Qin Dynasty. , using the provocation method to force the former Qin army to retreat and make room for the Jin army to engage in a decisive battle.
Zhu Qin generals thought it would be safer to block the enemy's side of the Feishui River, but Fu Jian believed that attacking half way across the river would lead to a proactive duel. So Fu Jian made the second wrong decision of the southern expedition despite the opposition of the generals: the former Qin army retreated to make room for the Eastern Jin army to fight a decisive battle.
After Fu Jian issued the order to retreat, the former Qin army slowly retreated as planned. After seeing the former Qin army's retreat, Xie An of the Eastern Jin Dynasty ordered the Eastern Jin navy to forcefully cross the Feishui River. The cavalry crossed the river from the ford to raid the former Qin army. When Fu Jian wanted to counterattack, he found that the army had already lost all fighting spirit. In addition, the Jin army shouted that the former Qin army was defeated, which led to even more chaos within the former Qin army. Then the Jin army attacked with all its strength, Fu Rong was killed, and the former Qin army completely lost control and fled.
In this battle, the Eastern Jin Dynasty defeated the former Qin Dynasty's 800,000 army with an army of 80,000, and achieved a major victory.
Before and after the Battle of Feishui. Pictures come from the Internet
The Battle of Feishui ended with a great victory for the Eastern Jin Dynasty and a disastrous defeat for Fu Jian of the former Qin Dynasty. The Eastern Jin Dynasty took advantage of this victory to continue the Northern Expedition, successfully regaining the territory south of the Yellow River, effectively curbing the harassment of northern minorities to the south of the Yangtze River, and providing a relatively stable external environment for the social and economic development of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
The Battle of Feishui was not only a decisive battle in the Eastern Jin Dynasty to protect the country, but also declared to the Hu people the fighting power of the Han people, giving the Han people their first big breather since the Five Husty Wars. The re-emergence of laid an early foundation, and at the same time, the core part of Chinese culture continued to be passed down in the Yellow River Basin.
review | Chen Rui
producer | Fan Yizi
coordinator | Luo Jingyue Deng Wanying
copywriter and editor | Meng Jing
art design | Yang Hua Proofreading by Zhao Mo
丨Wang Yu
References丨"Reinterpretation of the Battle of Feishui"
"The Battle of Feishui: A glimmer of hope in the cracks"
"Fu Jian and the Battle of Feishui"
China Water Conservancy Newspaper New Media Center (Film and Television Production and Broadcasting Center ) Produced by
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